Advances and perspectives of hard carbon anode modulated by defect/hetero elemental engineering for sodium ion batteries

Zhang, Haihan; Lin, Siyuan; Shu, Chengyong; Tang, Zexun; Wang, Xiaowei; Wu, Yuping; Tang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2025.02.014

Advances and perspectives of hard carbon anode modulated by defect/hetero elemental engineering for sodium ion batteries

Journal Article · Wed Mar 05 19:00:00 EST 2025 · Materials Today

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2025.02.014· OSTI ID:2570058

^[1]; Lin, Siyuan ^[1]; ^[1]; Tang, Zexun ^[2]; Wang, Xiaowei ^[3]; Wu, Yuping ^[4]; Tang, Wei ^[1]

Xi'an Jiaotong Univ. (China)
Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan (China)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Southeast Univ., Nanjing (China). School of Energy and Environment

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) serve as a promising complement to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage, leveraging the abundance of sodium resources and notable safety advantages. The key advancement in SIB industrialization hinges on identifying a cost-effective and high-performance anode material, similar to the graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries. Hard carbon emerges as prime anode materials for SIBs, boasting high specific capacity, low sodium storage potential, and wide availability. However, practical applications of hard carbon encounters challenges such as low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), inadequate long-term cycling stability, and poor rate performance. Recent research has focused on the optimization of hard carbon electrodes through functional design. In this comprehensive review, we have meticulously examined the progress in enhancing sodium storage performance through microstructural modulation within hard carbon, encompassing four pivotal aspects: heteroatom doping, incorporation of oxygen functional groups, surface coating, and intrinsic defect engineering. Progress in implementing these strategies is scrutinized, while the merits and challenges of each defect engineering approach are discussed. In conclusion, this review also looks into forthcoming opportunities and challenges in the practical application process of hard carbon electrodes in SIBs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Key R&D Program of China; Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province; “Young Talent Support Plan” of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Higher Education Institution Academic Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Plan

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2570058

Journal Information:: Materials Today, Journal Name: Materials Today Vol. 85; ISSN 1369-7021

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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