Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

Kraklow, Vachel A.; Dreslerová, Dagmar; Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin; Moravcová, Alice; Kadlec, Martin; Nývlt, Daniel; Tinner, Willy; Heurich, Marco; Finsinger, Walter; Feurdean, Angelica; Kuneš, Petr; Florescu, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108944

Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

Journal Article · Fri Jul 19 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Quaternary Science Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108944· OSTI ID:2570051

^[1]; Dreslerová, Dagmar ^[2]; ^[3]; Moravcová, Alice ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[5]; Tinner, Willy ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[8]; Feurdean, Angelica ^[9]; ^[4]; ^[10]

Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic); Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic)
Babeş-Bolyai University (Romania)
Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic)
Masaryk University (Czech Republic)
Univ. of Bern (Switzerland)
Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany); Univ. of Freiburg (Germany); Inland Norway University of Applied Science (Norway)
Montpellier Univ. (France); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (France)
Goethe Univ., Frankfurt (Germany)
Charles Univ., Prague (Czech Republic); Stefan cel Mare Univ. (Romania)

Central European mountains, including the Šumava Mountains located along the Czechia/Germany border, have a long and rich anthropogenic history. Yet, documenting prehistoric human impact in Central European mountain environments remains a challenge because of the need to disentangle climate and human-caused responses in terrestrial systems. Here, we present the first reconstructed water table depths (WTDs) from two sites, Pěkná and Blatenská slať, located in the Šumava Mountains. We compare these local WTD records with new and published pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), plant macrofossils, geochemistry and archeological records to investigate how changes in local hydrology and human activities impacted forest succession and fire activity throughout the Holocene across an elevational gradient. Using a generalized additive model, our results suggest that changes in forest succession and fire activity have been primarily caused by climate throughout the Holocene. However, humans have been utilizing mountain environments and their resources continuously since ∼4600 cal yr BP, thus playing a secondary role in modifying forest succession to increase resources beneficial to both humans and grazers. Over the last 1000 years, we provide evidence of directly observed human-caused modifications to the landscape. These results contribute to a growing body of literature illustrating human activities and landscape modifications in Central European mountains.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2570051

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-24924; 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108944

Journal Information:: Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Name: Quaternary Science Reviews Vol. 344; ISSN 0277-3791

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Climate change
Fire
Generalized additive models
Holocene
Human impact
Peat bog
Plant macrofossils
Pollen
Testate amoebae
Water table depth

Detecting ecological signatures of long-term human activity across an elevational gradient in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe

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