Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

The infrared imaging video bolometer at Wendelstein 7-X

Journal Article · · Review of Scientific Instruments
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0261413· OSTI ID:2570028
The radiated power distribution is a crucial aspect of heat transport, heat load mitigation, and plasma exhaust performance. An imaging video bolometer camera has been installed to measure the plasma radiated power in the divertor region of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. This diagnostic offers a wide-angle (40° × 68°) sampling of the plasma volume in both the poloidal and toroidal directions. The field-of-view is covered with a large number (> 500) of bolometer channels, providing imaging capability. The diagnostic design is introduced here together with its data analysis procedure. A set of laboratory experiments is performed to assess the thermal properties of the gold absorber foil and their spatial uniformity. Following installation, a heat source originating from the inertially cooled front of the diagnostic is identified and filtered out. The discharge data indicate a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio as well as spatiotemporal resolution. These represent the first toroidally resolved images of the line-integrated radiated power in the W7-X island divertor. The diagnostic was then upgraded with a thinner platinum absorber and adjusted mirrors. Early data from the most recent experimental campaign employing the upgraded design show a considerable improvement in the diagnostic performance with more bolometer channels (> 1400), extended coverage, and increased spatial resolution.
Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
2570028
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--25-20780; 10.1063/5.0261413; 1089-7623
Journal Information:
Review of Scientific Instruments, Journal Name: Review of Scientific Instruments Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 96; ISSN 1089-7623; ISSN 0034-6748
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (52)

Tomographic reconstruction of two-dimensional radiated power distribution during impurity injection in KSTAR plasmas using an infrared imaging video bolometer journal April 2018
Development and testing of 140GHz absorber coatings for the water baffle of W7-X cryopumps journal October 2011
Observation of divertor and core radiation in JT-60U by means of bolometric imaging journal June 2007
Physics basis for the first ITER tungsten divertor journal August 2019
Three-dimensional structure of radiative cooling in impurity seeded plasmas in the Large Helical Device journal October 2022
Assessing the toroidal radiation distribution at Wendelstein 7-X by combining Gaussian Process Tomography and field line mapping journal December 2024
Investigation of island size effect on radiation distribution during attached and detached plasmas in the island divertor of W7-X journal March 2025
A radiation-hard, steady state, digital imaging bolometer system journal March 1997
Infrared imaging video bolometer journal January 2000
Derivation of bolometer equations relevant to operation in fusion experiments journal September 2002
Calibration and sensitivity of the infrared imaging video bolometer journal March 2003
Detailed in situ laser calibration of the infrared imaging video bolometer for the JT-60U tokamak journal October 2006
Design criteria of the bolometer diagnostic for steady-state operation of the W7-X stellarator journal October 2010
Calibration of a thin metal foil for infrared imaging video bolometer to estimate the spatial variation of thermal diffusivity using a photo-thermal technique journal May 2014
Improved signal to noise ratio and sensitivity of an infrared imaging video bolometer on large helical device by using an infrared periscope journal July 2014
In situ calibration of an infrared imaging video bolometer in the Large Helical Device journal November 2014
A reconsideration of the noise equivalent power and the data analysis procedure for the infrared imaging video bolometers journal December 2014
Three-dimensional tomographic imaging for dynamic radiation behavior study using infrared imaging video bolometers in large helical device plasma journal May 2016
Preliminary design of a tangentially viewing imaging bolometer for NSTX-U journal August 2016
A high resolution IR/visible imaging system for the W7-X limiter journal August 2016
A novel carbon coating technique for foil bolometers journal August 2016
An FPGA-based bolometer for the MAST-U Super-X divertor journal August 2016
Conceptual design of imaging bolometer for use of computed tomography in JT-60SA journal May 2017
Design, capabilities, and first results of the new laser blow-off system on Wendelstein 7-X journal July 2018
Reconstruction of radiation profiles near the plasma boundary using an infrared imaging video bolometer in KSTAR journal October 2018
Signal to noise ratio of upgraded imaging bolometer for KSTAR journal October 2018
Improvement of infrared imaging video bolometer for application to deuterium experiment on the large helical device journal October 2018
Experimental tests of an infrared video bolometer on Alcator C-Mod journal October 2018
Consideration of signal to noise ratio for an imaging bolometer for ITER journal April 2021
Design and implementation of a prototype infrared video bolometer (IRVB) in MAST Upgrade journal March 2023
Development of a compact bolometer camera concept for investigation of radiation asymmetries at Wendelstein 7-X journal October 2024
Developing a robust sensor for infrared imaging bolometers journal September 2024
Increased accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio through recent improvements in infra-red video bolometer fabrication and calibration journal October 2024
Prototype of a radiation hard resistive bolometer for ITER journal November 2005
Radiation profile reconstruction of infrared imaging video bolometer data using a machine learning algorithm journal February 2020
Limiter observations during W7-X first plasmas journal April 2017
Methods for quantitative study of divertor heat loads on W7-X journal April 2019
Stable heat and particle flux detachment with efficient particle exhaust in the island divertor of Wendelstein 7-X journal September 2020
Overview of the results from divertor experiments with attached and detached plasmas at Wendelstein 7-X and their implications for steady-state operation journal August 2021
Bolometer tomography on Wendelstein 7-X for study of radiation asymmetry journal October 2021
Magnetic configuration scans during divertor operation of Wendelstein 7-X journal January 2022
Improved weighted sum estimation of total radiated power at W7-X journal November 2024
Bolometer developments in diagnostics for magnetic confinement fusion journal October 2019
Neutron Shielding Design of Infrared Imaging Video Bolometer for LHD Deuterium Experiment journal January 2019
First Application of an InfraRed Imaging Video Bolometer to Heliotron J Plasma journal June 2021
Measurement of Radiated Power Using an InfraRed Imaging Video Bolometer System in the Upstream of GAMMA 10/PDX Divertor Simulation Plasma journal May 2023
Spatial Variation of the Foil Parameters from in Situ Calibration of the JT-60U Imaging Bolometer Foil journal January 2007
Comparison of Au and Pt Foils for an Imaging Bolometer journal January 2010
Thermal Characteristics of Foils for an Imaging Bolometer journal January 2011
Development of Infrared Imaging Video Bolometer for the ADITYA Tokamak journal January 2012
Foil Calibration for IR Imaging Bolometer by Laser Irradiation journal January 2012
Improvement of Infrared Imaging Video Bolometer Systems in LHD journal January 2014

Similar Records

Bolometer tomography on Wendelstein 7-X for study of radiation asymmetry
Journal Article · Thu Oct 07 20:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1822155

Design and implementation of a prototype infrared video bolometer (IRVB) in MAST Upgrade
Journal Article · Tue Feb 28 19:00:00 EST 2023 · Review of Scientific Instruments · OSTI ID:1959615