Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

Evaluation of a generalized least squares algorithm for infrasound beamforming with coherent background noise

Journal Article · · Geophysical Journal International
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaf203· OSTI ID:2570027
 [1];  [1];  [1]
  1. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

Infrasonic signals of interest can occur during periods with persistent, coherent, background noise, which may be natural or anthropogenic. For high signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio transient signals, an ‘overprinting’ of the coherent background may occur, and the signal may still be detected. However, this approach fails for low SNR signals of interest, which may be obscured by coherent noise. An infrasound beamforming method based on generalized least squares (GLS) is investigated for detecting transient signals of interest in the presence of coherent and incoherent background noise. This approach relies on an estimate of the noise covariance, captured in a covariance matrix, to effectively null contributions to the array response from noisy directions of arrival. Synthetic array data is used to investigate the performance of the GLS beamformer compared to the Bartlett beamformer when coherent and incoherent backgrounds are present. Additionally, the effects of array element number and relative strength of the interfering signal on the GLS estimates is investigated. GLS empirical area under the curve estimates suggest that the beamformer can recover coherent power for a signal of interest lower in amplitude than the coherent background, but this effectiveness degrades more quickly with SNR for a four element array compared to a six or eight element infrasound array. Finally, infrasound from the Forensic Surface Experiment, a bolide signal observed at IMS array I37NO, and a volcanic signal recorded at the Alaska Volcano Observatory array ADKI are used to evaluate GLS performance on recorded data. A ten minute window was used to capture the background noise, and the coherent background signal was nulled in all three examples.

Research Organization:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001
OSTI ID:
2570027
Report Number(s):
LA-UR--24-30501; 10.1093/gji/ggaf203; 1365-246X
Journal Information:
Geophysical Journal International, Journal Name: Geophysical Journal International Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 242; ISSN 0956-540X; ISSN 1365-246X
Publisher:
Oxford University PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (46)

Automatic infrasound detection and location of sources in the western United States journal July 2014
On infrasound generated by wind farms and its propagation in low‐altitude tropospheric waveguides journal October 2015
Local Infrasound Variability Related to In Situ Atmospheric Observation journal April 2018
Infrasound generated by the 2016–2017 shallow submarine eruption of Bogoslof volcano, Alaska journal January 2020
Coherent ambient infrasound recorded by the International Monitoring System: COHERENT AMBIENT INFRASOUND journal January 2013
Global Microbarom Patterns: A First Confirmation of the Theory for Source and Propagation journal January 2021
Array Signal Processing on Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data: Directivity Effects in Slowness Space journal February 2022
Exploring Background Noise With a Large‐N Infrasound Array: Waterfalls, Thunderstorms, and Earthquakes journal December 2023
Earthquake location applied to a mini‐array: k‐spectrum versus correlation method journal September 1993
A novel method to improve the performance of Capon's minimum variance estimator conference January 1997
On Detecting a Signal in N Stationarily Correlated Noise Series journal August 1971
CLEAN beamforming for the enhanced detection of multiple infrasonic sources journal January 2020
Improved infrasound array processing with robust estimators journal March 2020
A climatology of microbarom detections at the Kerguelen Islands: unravelling the ambient noise wavefield journal January 2022
Central and Eastern European Infrasound Network: contribution to infrasound monitoring journal February 2022
Infrasound single-channel noise reduction: application to detection and localization of explosive volcanism in Alaska using backprojection and array processing journal May 2022
The multichannel maximum-likelihood (MCML) method: a new approach for infrasound detection and wave parameter estimation journal September 2022
The Korean infrasound catalogue (1999–2022) journal August 2024
Covariance matrix estimation errors and diagonal loading in adaptive arrays journal July 1988
Two decades of array signal processing research: the parametric approach journal July 1996
High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis journal January 1969
Using spectral estimation techniques in adaptive processing antenna systems journal March 1986
Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation journal March 1986
Atmospheric absorption in the atmosphere up to 160 km journal March 2004
Design and optimization of a noise reduction system for infrasonic measurements using elements with low acoustic impedance journal April 2005
Low-frequency wind noise correlation in microphone arrays journal May 2005
Resolving power and sensitivity to mismatch of optimum array processors journal September 1973
In situ calibration of atmospheric-infrasound sensors including the effects of wind-noise-reduction pipe systems journal September 2011
Noise suppression using data-adaptive polarization filters: Applications to infrasonic array data journal November 1982
Acoustic detection, tracking, and characterization of three tornadoes journal April 2014
Modeling infrasonic propagation through a spherical atmospheric layer—Analysis of the stratospheric pair journal April 2019
Numerical Linear Algebra book January 1997
The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. journal April 1982
Multiple Signal Correlators journal July 1957
An Automatic Event Detector at the Tonto Forest Seismic Observatory journal October 1974
Application of a Generalized F Detector at a Seismometer Array journal October 2008
The F-Detector Revisited: An Improved Strategy for Signal Detection at Seismic and Infrasound Arrays journal February 2009
Improved Teleseismic Signal Detection at Small-Aperture Arrays journal August 2011
An Adaptive Spectral Subtraction Algorithm to Remove Persistent Cultural Noise journal June 2022
Filtering Wind in Infrasound Data by Non-Negative Matrix Factorization journal September 2014
Could the IMS Infrasound Stations Support a Global Network of Small Aperture Seismic Arrays? journal June 2015
Goals and Development of the Alaska Volcano Observatory Seismic Network and Application to Forecasting and Detecting Volcanic Eruptions journal January 2020
Mapping Seismic Tonal Noise in the Contiguous United States journal March 2020
A Pilot Experiment on Infrasonic Lahar Detection at Mount Adams, Cascades: Ambient Infrasound and Wind-Noise Characterization at a Quiescent Stratovolcano journal May 2021
Estimation of noncentrality parameters journal March 1993
Reconstructing the dynamics of the highly similar May 2016 and June 2019 Iliamna Volcano (Alaska) ice–rock avalanches from seismoacoustic data journal January 2021

Similar Records

Deep learning categorization of infrasound array data
Journal Article · Mon Oct 31 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · OSTI ID:1922780
Large meteoroid detection using the global IMS infrasound system
Conference · Mon Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 2001 · OSTI ID:976405

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
Earthquake monitoring and test-ban treaty verification
Infrasound
Time-series analysis