Well‐to‐wheels analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for passenger vehicles in Middle East and North Africa

Ankathi, Sharath; Gan, Yu; Lu, Zifeng; Littlefield, James A.; Jing, Liang; Ramadan, Farah O.; Monfort, Jean‐Christophe; Badahdah, Alhassan; El‐Houjeiri, Hassan; Wang, Michael

doi:10.1111/jiec.13500

Well‐to‐wheels analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for passenger vehicles in Middle East and North Africa

Journal Article · Mon May 20 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Industrial Ecology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13500· OSTI ID:2569838

^[1]; Gan, Yu ^[1]; ^[1]; Littlefield, James A. ^[2]; Jing, Liang ^[2]; Ramadan, Farah O. ^[2]; Monfort, Jean‐Christophe ^[3]; Badahdah, Alhassan ^[3]; El‐Houjeiri, Hassan ^[3]; Wang, Michael ^[1]

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Aramco Services Co., Novi, MI (United States)
Saudi Aramco, Dhahran (Saudi Arabia)

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are widely considered a pathway to achieve low carbon mobility. BEVs emit zero emissions from the tailpipe, but their life cycle carbon reduction compared to gasoline vehicles varies based on primary energy sources, electricity generation, and use efficiency. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is an area rich in fossil fuels, meriting a detailed comparison between the emissions from BEV and other powertrains. We developed a MENA‐specific life cycle model that estimates well‐to‐wheel (WTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from passenger transport with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles, and BEVs. MENA's average WTW GHG emissions for all supply chain steps including combustion emissions from vehicle operation are 767 g/kWh and 84 g CO₂eq/MJ for electricity and gasoline, respectively, but are highly variable due to heterogeneity in upstream supply chains. The use of hybrid gasoline ICEVs provides the largest emission reduction opportunity for existing vehicle fleets in 9 of the 16 MENA countries. For these nine countries, replacing gasoline ICEVs with HEVs could, on average, reduce country‐level life cycle GHG emissions by 47%. There is a similar emission reduction opportunity for 14 of the 16 MENA countries when normalizing vehicle efficiencies irrespective of the powertrain shares and other trends in existing vehicle fleets. Future scenario analysis shows that BEVs would have the lowest WTW GHG emissions among all powertrains in most MENA countries only if significantly reduced electricity transmission losses and cleaner grid mix are realized, although a high cost of infrastructure developments is expected.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 2569838

Journal Information:: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Journal Name: Journal of Industrial Ecology Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 28; ISSN 1088-1980; ISSN 1530-9290

Publisher:: Wiley - Yale UniversityCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
MENA-GREET
life cycle assessment (LCA)
passenger vehicles
sustainability
transportation and environment
well-to-wheels

Well‐to‐wheels analysis of greenhouse gas emissions for passenger vehicles in Middle East and North Africa

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