Design of a Combined Proportional Integral Derivative Controller to Regulate the Temperature Inside a High-Temperature Tubular Solar Reactor

Journal Article · Mon Sep 26 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Solar Energy Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055296· OSTI ID:2568017

Alsahlani, Assaad ^[1]; Randhir, Kelvin ^[2]; Hayes, Michael ^[2]; Schimmels, Philipp ^[2]; Ozalp, Nesrin ^[1]; Klausner, James ^[2]

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1. Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN (United States)
2. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)

Solar fuels are proven to be promising candidates for thermochemical energy storage. However, the transient nature of solar radiation is an obstacle to maintaining a stable operational temperature inside a solar reactor. To overcome this challenge, the temperature of a solar reactor can be regulated by controlling the incoming solar radiation or the feedstock flowrate inside the reactor. In this work, a combined proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is implemented to regulate the temperature inside a high-temperature tubular solar reactor with counter-current flowing gas/particles. The control model incorporates two control systems to regulate incoming solar radiation and gas flow simultaneously. The design of the controller is based on a reduced-order numerical model of a high-temperature tubular solar reactor that is vertically oriented with an upward gas flow and downward particle flow. The reactor receives heat circumferentially through its wall over a finite segment of its length. Formulation of the heat transfer model is presented by applying the energy balance for the reactor tube and considering heat and mass transfer inside. A set of governing differential equations are solved numerically by using the finite volume method to obtain reactor wall, particles, and gas temperatures along the reactor length with various boundary conditions. Simulation results are used to tune the PID controller parameters by utilizing the Ziegler–Nichols tuning method. Both the simulation results and the controller performance are visualized on the _LABVIEW platform. The controller is challenged to track different temperature setpoints with different scenarios of transient solar radiation. Here, the performance of the PID controller was compared to experimental results obtained from an industrial PID controller embedded in a 7 kW electric furnace. Results show that the combined PID controller is successful in maintaining a stable temperature inside the reactor by regulating the incoming solar radiation and the flowrate via small steady-state error and reasonable settling time and overshoot.

• Research Organization: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
• Grant/Contract Number: EE0008992
• OSTI ID: 2568017
• Alternate ID(s): OSTI ID: 2418726
• Journal Information: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Journal Name: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 145; ISSN 1528-8986; ISSN 0199-6231
• Publisher: ASME
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
PID controller
computer simulation
control equipment
control systems
design
flow (dynamics)
fuels
gas flow
heat transfer
high temperature
particulate matter
solar energy
solar fuel
solar reactor
temperature
temperature control