Seeding the explosion of a high-current-density conductor in a controlled manner through the addition of micron-scale surface defects

Awe, T. J.; Yu, E. P.; Hatch, M. W.; Hutchinson, T. M.; Tomlinson, K.; Tatum, W. D.; Yates, K. C.; Hutsel, B. T.; Bauer, B. S.

doi:10.1063/5.0053898

Seeding the explosion of a high-current-density conductor in a controlled manner through the addition of micron-scale surface defects

Journal Article · Thu Jul 08 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0053898· OSTI ID:2567943

; Yu, E. P.; ; ; Tomlinson, K.; Tatum, W. D.; ; ; Bauer, B. S.

Inhomogeneities in a current-carrying conductor promote non-uniform heating and expansion through the complex feedback between current density, electrical resistivity, Ohmic heating, temperature, and hydrodynamics. Three-dimensional-magnetohydrodynamic (3D-MHD) simulations suggest that μm-scale resistive inclusions or voids seed local overheating and through hydrodynamic explosion generate continuously growing craters which become several times larger than the initial perturbation. The ejected mass is the genesis of an electrothermally driven plasma filament which develops at lower current than plasmas on uniform surfaces adjacent to the defect. This result suggests that 1D or even 2D treatments are largely inadequate for detailed prediction of plasma formation. To test computational predictions, z-pinch experiments driven to 1 MA studied ultra-high-purity aluminum rods which were then machined to include pairs of quasi-hemispherical voids or “engineered defects (ED)” on the current-carrying surface. ED are the dominant current-density perturbation and reproducibly drive local overheating which can be compared with 3D-MHD simulation. Data from high-resolution-gated imagers of visible surface emissions confirm many simulation predictions, including the surface topography of local overheating, and the propensity for neighboring ED to prematurely source plasmas which then connect to form a plasma filament. Results also provide conditional support of theory which suggests heating similarity; that is, heating is independent of ED size for geometrically scaled ED.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003870; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2567943

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1806375
OSTI ID: 1825862
OSTI ID: 1835797

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 28; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Seeding the explosion of a high-current-density conductor in a controlled manner through the addition of micron-scale surface defects

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Seeding the explosion of a high-current-density conductor in a controlled manner through the addition of micron-scale surface defects

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