3D turbulent reconnection: Theory, tests, and astrophysical implications

Lazarian, Alex; Eyink, Gregory L.; Jafari, Amir; Kowal, Grzegorz; Li, Hui; Xu, Siyao; Vishniac, Ethan T.

doi:10.1063/1.5110603

3D turbulent reconnection: Theory, tests, and astrophysical implications

Journal Article · Wed Jan 29 00:00:00 EST 2020 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110603· OSTI ID:2567700

Lazarian, Alex; Eyink, Gregory L.; ; ; ; ;

Magnetic reconnection, topological changes in magnetic fields, is a fundamental process in magnetized plasmas. It is associated with energy release in regions of magnetic field annihilation, but this is only one facet of this process. Astrophysical fluid flows normally have very large Reynolds numbers and are expected to be turbulent, in agreement with observations. In strong turbulence, magnetic field lines constantly reconnect everywhere and on all scales, thus making magnetic reconnection an intrinsic part of the turbulent cascade. We note in particular that this is inconsistent with the usual practice of magnetic field lines as persistent dynamical elements. A number of theoretical, numerical, and observational studies starting with the paper done by Lazarian and Vishniac [Astrophys. J. 517, 700–718 (1999)] proposed that 3D turbulence makes magnetic reconnection fast and that magnetic reconnection and turbulence are intrinsically connected. In particular, we discuss the dramatic violation of the textbook concept of magnetic flux-freezing in the presence of turbulence. We demonstrate that in the presence of turbulence, the plasma effects are subdominant to turbulence as far as the magnetic reconnection is concerned. The latter fact justifies a magnetohydrodynamiclike treatment of magnetic reconnection on all scales much larger than the relevant plasma scales. We discuss the numerical and observational evidence supporting the turbulent reconnection model. In particular, we demonstrate that the tearing reconnection is suppressed in 3D, and unlike the 2D settings, 3D reconnection induces turbulence that makes magnetic reconnection independent of resistivity. We show that turbulent reconnection dramatically affects key astrophysical processes, e.g., star formation, turbulent dynamo, and acceleration of cosmic rays. We provide criticism of the concept of “reconnection-mediated turbulence” and explain why turbulent reconnection is very different from enhanced turbulent resistivity and hyper-resistivity and why the latter have fatal conceptual flaws.

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Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); USDOE; USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AR0000565

OSTI ID:: 2567700

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1764228
OSTI ID: 1595866

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--20-28591; 012305

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 27; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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On Turbulent Reconnection Kim, Eun‐jin; Diamond, P. H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 556, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/321628	journal	August 2001
Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Interstellar Plasmas Lithwick, Yoram; Goldreich, Peter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 562, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/323470	journal	November 2001
Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in a Strongly Magnetized Medium Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, Alex; Vishniac, Ethan T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 564, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/324186	journal	January 2002
The Generation of Nonthermal Particles in the Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection of Pair Plasmas Zenitani, S.; Hoshino, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 562, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/337972	journal	November 2001
Thermal Conduction in Clusters of Galaxies Narayan, Ramesh; Medvedev, Mikhail V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 562, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/338325	journal	December 2001
Ambipolar Drift in a Turbulent Medium Zweibel, Ellen G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 567, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/338682	journal	March 2002
Spectra and Growth Rates of Fluctuating Magnetic Fields in the Kinematic Dynamo Theory with Large Magnetic Prandtl Numbers Schekochihin, Alexander A.; Boldyrev, Stanislav A.; Kulsrud, Russell M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 567, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/338697	journal	March 2002
New Regime of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Cascade below the Viscous Cutoff Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, Alex; Vishniac, Ethan T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 566, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/339453	journal	February 2002
Enhancement of Ambipolar Diffusion Rates through Field Fluctuations Fatuzzo, Marco; Adams, Fred C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 570, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/339502	journal	May 2002
Mechanism of Magnetic Flux Loss in Molecular Clouds Nakano, Takenori; Nishi, Ryoichi; Umebayashi, Toyoharu The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 573, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/340587	journal	July 2002
The Formation of Massive Stars from Turbulent Cores McKee, Christopher F.; Tan, Jonathan C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 585, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/346149	journal	March 2003
Ordinary and Viscosity‐damped Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, A.; Vishniac, Ethan T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 595, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/377515	journal	October 2003
Does Magnetic Levitation or Suspension Define the Masses of Forming Stars? Shu, Frank H.; Li, Zhi‐Yun; Allen, Anthony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 601, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/380602	journal	February 2004
Magnetic Field Structure and Stochastic Reconnection in a Partially Ionized Gas Lazarian, A.; Vishniac, Ethan T.; Cho, Jungyeon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 603, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/381383	journal	March 2004
Turbulent Ambipolar Diffusion: Numerical Studies in Two Dimensions Heitsch, Fabian; Zweibel, Ellen G.; Slyz, Adrianne D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 603, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/381428	journal	March 2004
Relativistic Kinetic Reconnection as the Possible Source Mechanism for High Variability and Flat Spectra in Extragalactic Radio Sources Jaroschek, C. H.; Lesch, H.; Treumann, R. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 605, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/420767	journal	March 2004
Velocity Modification of the Power Spectrum from an Absorbing Medium Lazarian, A.; Pogosyan, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 616, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/422462	journal	December 2004
Simulations of the Small‐Scale Turbulent Dynamo Schekochihin, Alexander A.; Cowley, Steven C.; Taylor, Samuel F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 612, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/422547	journal	September 2004
The Anisotropy of Electron Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 615, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/425215	journal	September 2004
Simulations of Relativistic Force‐free Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 621, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/427493	journal	March 2005
Plasma Instabilities and Magnetic Field Growth in Clusters of Galaxies Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C.; Kulsrud, R. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 629, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/431202	journal	August 2005
AGN‐driven Convection in Galaxy‐Cluster Plasmas Chandran, Benjamin D. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 632, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/432596	journal	October 2005
Particle Acceleration by Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 638, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/498967	journal	February 2006
Observational Constraints on the Ages of Molecular Clouds and the Star Formation Timescale: Ambipolar‐Diffusion–controlled or Turbulence‐induced Star Formation? Mouschovias, Telemachos Ch.; Tassis, Konstantinos; Kunz, Matthew W. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 646, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/500125	journal	August 2006
Polarization Intermittency and Its Influence on MHD Turbulence Beresnyak, A.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 640, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/503708	journal	March 2006
Gravitational Collapse of Magnetized Clouds. I. Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic Accretion Flow Galli, Daniele; Lizano, Susana; Shu, Frank H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 647, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/505257	journal	August 2006
Gravitational Collapse of Magnetized Clouds. II. The Role of Ohmic Dissipation Shu, Frank H.; Galli, Daniele; Lizano, Susana The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 647, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/505258	journal	August 2006
Enhancement and Suppression of Heat Transfer by MHD Turbulence Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 645, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/505796	journal	June 2006
Studying Turbulence Using Doppler‐broadened Lines: Velocity Coordinate Spectrum Lazarian, A.; Pogosyan, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 652, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/508012	journal	December 2006
The Power Spectrum of Supersonic Turbulence in Perseus Padoan, Paolo; Juvela, Mika; Kritsuk, Alexei The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 653, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/510620	journal	November 2006
Can Internal Shocks Produce the Variability in Gamma‐Ray Bursts? Kobayashi, Shiho; Piran, Tsvi; Sari, Re'em The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 490, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/512791	journal	November 1997
The Magnetic Fields of Classical T Tauri Stars Johns‐Krull, Christopher M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 664, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/519017	journal	August 2007
Cosmic‐Ray Propagation: Nonlinear Diffusion Parallel and Perpendicular to Mean Magnetic Field Yan, Huirong; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 673, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/524771	journal	February 2008
The Role of the Guide Field in Relativistic Pair Plasma Reconnection Zenitani, S.; Hoshino, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/528708	journal	April 2008
Probing the Turbulence Dissipation Range and Magnetic Field Strengths in Molecular Clouds Li, Hua‐bai; Houde, Martin The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/529581	journal	April 2008
Fast Variability of Nonthermal X-Ray Emission in Cassiopeia A: Probing Electron Acceleration in Reverse-Shocked Ejecta Uchiyama, Yasunobu; Aharonian, Felix A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 677, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/588190	journal	March 2008
Strong Imbalanced Turbulence Beresnyak, A.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 682, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/589428	journal	August 2008
The Current Sheet Associated with the 2003 November 4 Coronal Mass Ejection: Density, Temperature, Thickness, and Line Width Ciaravella, A.; Raymond, J. C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 686, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/590655	journal	October 2008
Testing Magnetic star Formation Theory Crutcher, Richard M.; Hakobian, Nicholas; Troland, Thomas H. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/844	journal	February 2009
Three-Dimensional Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability: Magnetic Field Amplification by a Turbulent Dynamo Zhang, Weiqun; MacFadyen, Andrew; Wang, Peng The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/L40	journal	January 2009
Growth of Magnetic Fields Induced by Turbulent Motions Cho, Jungyeon; Vishniac, Ethan T.; Beresnyak, Andrey The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 693, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1449	journal	March 2009
Turbulence and Magnetic Field Amplification in Supernova Remnants: Interactions Between a Strong Shock wave and Multiphase Interstellar Medium Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Yamazaki, Ryo; Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 695, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/825	journal	April 2009
Two-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection Zenitani, Seiji; Hesse, Michael; Klimas, Alex The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 696, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1385	journal	April 2009
Numerical Tests of fast Reconnection in Weakly Stochastic Magnetic Fields Kowal, Grzegorz; Lazarian, A.; Vishniac, E. T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 700, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/700/1/63	journal	June 2009
Simulations of Electron Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 701, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/236	journal	July 2009
A Model of Acceleration of Anomalous Cosmic rays by Reconnection in the Heliosheath Lazarian, A.; Opher, M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 703, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/703/1/8	journal	August 2009
Turbulence-Induced Magnetic Fields and Structure of Cosmic ray Modified Shocks Beresnyak, A.; Jones, T. W.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 707, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/707/2/1541	journal	December 2009
Characterizing Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Small Magellanic Cloud Burkhart, Blakesley; Stanimirović, Snežana; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 708, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1204	journal	December 2009
Extending the big Power law in the sky with Turbulence Spectra from Wisconsin hα Mapper data Chepurnov, A.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 710, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/853	journal	January 2010
Diffusion of Magnetic Field and Removal of Magnetic flux from Clouds via Turbulent Reconnection Santos-Lima, R.; Lazarian, A.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 714, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/442	journal	April 2010
Velocity Spectrum for h i at high Latitudes Chepurnov, A.; Lazarian, A.; Stanimirović, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 714, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1398	journal	April 2010
Velocity Field of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Wavelet Decomposition and mode Scalings Kowal, Grzegorz; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 720, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/720/1/742	journal	August 2010
Magnetic Reconnection as the Cause of Cosmic ray Excess from the Heliospheric tail Lazarian, A.; Desiati, P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 722, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/722/1/188	journal	September 2010
Magnetic Fields in Interstellar Clouds from Zeeman Observations: Inference of Total Field Strengths by Bayesian Analysis Crutcher, Richard M.; Wandelt, Benjamin; Heiles, Carl The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 725, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/466	journal	November 2010
The Internal-Collision-Induced Magnetic Reconnection and Turbulence (Icmart) Model of Gamma-Ray Bursts Zhang, Bing; Yan, Huirong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 726, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/726/2/90	journal	December 2010
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Behind Relativistic Shock Waves and Their Implications for Gamma-Ray Bursts Inoue, Tsuyoshi; Asano, Katsuaki; Ioka, Kunihito The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 734, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/734/2/77	journal	May 2011
Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Reconnection and Particle Acceleration: Three-Dimensional Effects Kowal, Grzegorz; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 735, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/102	journal	June 2011
Numerical Experiments on fine Structure Within Reconnecting Current Sheets in Solar Flares Shen, Chengcai; Lin, Jun; Murphy, Nicholas A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/14	journal	July 2011
Spontaneous Current-Layer Fragmentation and Cascading Reconnection in Solar Flares. i. Model and Analysis Bárta, Miroslav; Büchner, Jörg; Karlický, Marian The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 737, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/24	journal	July 2011
Fast Magnetic Reconnection and Spontaneous Stochasticity Eyink, Gregory L.; Lazarian, A.; Vishniac, E. T. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 743, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/51	journal	November 2011
Numerical Simulations of Driven Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Zrake, Jonathan; MacFadyen, Andrew I. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 744, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/32	journal	December 2011
The Small-Scale Dynamo and Non-Ideal Magnetohydrodynamics in Primordial star Formation Schober, Jennifer; Schleicher, Dominik; Federrath, Christoph The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 754, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/99	journal	July 2012
Magnetization of Cloud Cores and Envelopes and Other Observational Consequences of Reconnection Diffusion Lazarian, A.; Esquivel, A.; Crutcher, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 757, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/154	journal	September 2012
Magnetic Reconnection, Helicity Dynamics, and Hyper-Diffusion Guo, Z. B.; Diamond, P. H.; Wang, X. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 757, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/173	journal	September 2012
Puzzles of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field in the Inner Heliosphere Khabarova, Olga; Obridko, Vladimir The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 761, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/82	journal	November 2012
Simulations of Particle Acceleration Beyond the Classical Synchrotron Burnoff Limit in Magnetic Reconnection: an Explanation of the crab Flares Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 770, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/147	journal	June 2013
Evolution of Relativistic Plasmoid Chains in a Poynting-Dominated Plasma Takamoto, Makoto The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 775, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/50	journal	September 2013
The Collapse of Turbulent Cores and Reconnection Diffusion Leão, M. R. M.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; Santos-Lima, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 777, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/46	journal	October 2013
Cosmic-Ray Parallel and Perpendicular Transport in Turbulent Magnetic Fields Xu, Siyao; Yan, Huirong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 779, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/140	journal	December 2013
Physical Conditions in the Reconnection Layer in Pulsar Magnetospheres Uzdensky, Dmitri A.; Spitkovsky, Anatoly The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 780, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/3	journal	December 2013
Imbalanced Relativistic Force-Free Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Cho, Jungyeon; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 780, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/30	journal	December 2013
Magnetic Field Amplification and Evolution in Turbulent Collisionless Magnetohydrodynamics: an Application to the Intracluster Medium Santos-Lima, R.; de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M.; Kowal, G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 781, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/781/2/84	journal	January 2014
Three-Dimensional Relativistic pair Plasma Reconnection with Radiative Feedback in the crab Nebula Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 782, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/104	journal	February 2014
Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission Light Curves and Power Density Spectra in the Icmart Model Zhang, Bo; Zhang, Bing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 782, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/92	journal	February 2014
Superdiffusion of Cosmic Rays: Implications for Cosmic ray Acceleration Lazarian, A.; Yan, Huirong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 784, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/38	journal	March 2014
THE ROLE OF FAST MAGNETIC RECONNECTION ON THE RADIO AND GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM THE NUCLEAR REGIONS OF MICROQUASARS AND LOW LUMINOSITY AGNs Kadowaki, L. H. S.; Pino, E. M. de Gouveia Dal; Singh, C. B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 802, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/113	journal	March 2015
The Acceleration of Electrons at Collisionless Shocks Moving Through a Turbulent Magnetic Field Guo, Fan; Giacalone, and Joe The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 802, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/97	journal	March 2015
AlfvÉNic Turbulence Beyond the Ambipolar Diffusion Scale Burkhart, Blakesley; Lazarian, A.; Balsara, D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 805, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/118	journal	May 2015
Relativistic mhd Simulations of Collision-Induced Magnetic Dissipation in Poynting-Flux-Dominated Jets/Outflows Deng (邓巍), Wei; Li (李晖), Hui; Zhang (张冰), Bing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 805, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/163	journal	May 2015
Particle Acceleration and Plasma Dynamics During Magnetic Reconnection in the Magnetically Dominated Regime Guo, Fan; Liu, Yi-Hsin; Daughton, William The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 806, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/167	journal	June 2015
Turbulent General Magnetic Reconnection Eyink, G. L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 807, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/137	journal	July 2015
The Turbulence Velocity Power Spectrum of Neutral Hydrogen in the Small Magellanic Cloud Chepurnov, A.; Burkhart, B.; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 810, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/33	journal	August 2015
The line Width Difference of Neutrals and ions Induced by mhd Turbulence Xu, Siyao; Lazarian, A.; Yan, Huirong The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 810, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/44	journal	August 2015
Three-Dimensional mhd Magnetic Reconnection Simulations with a Finite Guide Field: Proposal of the Shock-Evoking Positive-Feedback Model Wang, Shuoyang; Yokoyama, Takaaki; Isobe, Hiroaki The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 811, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/31	journal	September 2015
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Gradients of Synchrotron Polarization: Tracing 3D Distribution of Magnetic Fields Lazarian, A.; Yuen, Ka Ho The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad3ca	journal	September 2018
Distribution of Velocity Gradient Orientations: Mapping Magnetization with the Velocity Gradient Technique Lazarian, A.; Yuen, Ka Ho; Ho, Ka Wai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7ff	journal	September 2018
On the Broadband Synchrotron Spectra of Pulsar Wind Nebulae Xu, Siyao; Klingler, Noel; Kargaltsev, Oleg The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aafb2e	journal	February 2019
Turbulent Dynamo in a Weakly Ionized Medium Xu, Siyao; Garain, Sudip K.; Balsara, Dinshaw S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 872, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aafbe8	journal	February 2019
Gamma-Ray Bursts Induced by Turbulent Reconnection Lazarian, A.; Zhang, Bing; Xu, Siyao The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2b38	journal	September 2019
Intensity Gradients Technique: Synergy with Velocity Gradients and Polarization Studies Hu, Yue; Yuen, Ka Ho; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4b5e	journal	November 2019
The Extent of Power-Law Energy Spectra in Collisionless Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in pair Plasmas Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.; Cerutti, B. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 816, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L8	journal	December 2015
Compressible Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Magnetically Dominated Plasmas and Implications for a Strong-Coupling Regime Takamoto, Makoto; Lazarian, Alexandre The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/831/2/L11	journal	October 2016
Adiabatic Non-resonant Acceleration in Magnetic Turbulence and Hard Spectra of Gamma-Ray Bursts Xu, Siyao; Zhang, Bing The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 846, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa88b1	journal	September 2017
Magnetic Reconnection May Control the Ion-scale Spectral Break of Solar Wind Turbulence Vech, Daniel; Mallet, Alfred; Klein, Kristopher G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aab351	journal	March 2018
Invariants in Relativistic MHD Turbulence Garrison, David; Nguyen, Phu Journal of Modern Physics, Vol. 07, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2016.73028	journal	January 2016
Reconnection studies under different types of turbulence driving Kowal, G.; Lazarian, A.; Vishniac, E. T. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-19-297-2012	journal	January 2012
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