Sustainable Graphite and Jet Fuel from Biorefinery Residue

Lower, Lillian; Rowland, Steven M.; Regula, Michael; Iisa, Kristiina; Combs, Zachary A.; Park, Sunkyu; Vries, Tijmen; Vries, Ton; Nimlos, Mark R.; Joe Sagues, William

doi:10.1002/cssc.202402509

Sustainable Graphite and Jet Fuel from Biorefinery Residue

Journal Article · Tue Mar 11 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · ChemSusChem

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202402509· OSTI ID:2567572

Lower, Lillian ^[1]; Rowland, Steven M. ^[2]; Regula, Michael ^[3]; Iisa, Kristiina ^[2]; Combs, Zachary A. ^[3]; Park, Sunkyu ^[4]; Vries, Tijmen ^[5]; Vries, Ton ^[5]; Nimlos, Mark R. ^[2]; ^[1]

Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO 80401 USA
Birla Carbon Marietta, GA 30062 USA
Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
BioBTX Groningen Netherlands

Abstract

Battery‐grade graphite and aviation fuel are traditionally produced from non‐renewable, fossil carbon feedstocks and result in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass holds exciting potential as a renewable and sustainable feedstock for the production of graphite and aviation fuel, but challenges exist including the necessity of a catalyst when producing graphite and low selectivity when producing aviation fuel. A process to convert a biomass‐derived feedstock into graphite without the use of a catalyst and fuels with high selectivity towards sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is innovated. Heavy bio‐oil undergoes a conversion process similar to the commercial production of synthetic graphite including coking at 500 °C, calcination at 1000 °C, and graphitization at 2800 °C. The resulting biographite exhibits excellent performance in lithium‐ion battery configurations with specific capacity of ~330 mAh g ⁻¹ and a 96.8 % capacity rebound after high rate cycling. The liquid hydrocarbon co‐product from coking is suitable for hydrotreating into SAF. The aviation fuel fraction (70 wt % of the fuel produced) meets ASTM standards and is composed primarily of cycloalkanes (~80 wt %) which improves energy density compared to paraffins produced by other SAF pathways and may replace aromatics for elastomer swelling in traditional jet fuel with less soot production.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2567572

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2551764

Journal Information:: ChemSusChem, Journal Name: ChemSusChem Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 18; ISSN 1864-5631

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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