California annual grass phenology and allometry influence ecosystem dynamics and fire regime in a vegetation demography model

Gao, Xiulin; Koven, Charles D.; Longo, Marcos; Robbins, Zachary James; Thornton, Polly; Hall, Alex; Levis, Samuel; Rahimi, Stefan; Xu, Chonggang; Kueppers, Lara M.

doi:10.1111/nph.20421

California annual grass phenology and allometry influence ecosystem dynamics and fire regime in a vegetation demography model

Journal Article · Thu Jan 30 00:00:00 EST 2025 · New Phytologist

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20421· OSTI ID:2565873

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; Hall, Alex ^[5]; ^[6]; Rahimi, Stefan ^[7]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (United States)

Grass-dominated ecosystems cover wide areas of the land surface yet have received far less attention from the Earth System Model (ESM) community. This limits model projections of ecosystem dynamics in response to global change and coupled vegetation–climate dynamics. We used the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), a dynamic vegetation demography model, to determine ecosystem sensitivity to alternate, observed grass allometries and biophysical traits, and evaluated model performance in capturing California C₃ annual grasslands structure and fire regimes. Grass allometry, leaf physiology, plant phenology, and plant mortality all drove the seasonal variation in matter and energy exchange and fire dynamics in California annual grasslands. Allometry influenced grassland structure and function mainly through canopy architecture-mediated space and light competition instead of through carbon partitioning strategy. Regional variation in grassland annual burned area was driven by variation in ecosystem productivity. Our study advances the modeling of grassy ecosystems in ESMs by establishing the importance of grass allometry and plant phenology and mortality in driving C₃ annual grassland seasonal dynamics and fire regime. The calibrated annual grass allometry and biophysical traits presented can be applied in future studies to project climate–vegetation–fire feedbacks in annual grass-dominant ecosystems under global change.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science (BSS)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2565873

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2572933

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-31730; ark:/13030/qt3rp992df; 1469-8137; 10.1111/nph.20421

Journal Information:: New Phytologist, Journal Name: New Phytologist Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 245; ISSN 1469-8137; ISSN 0028-646X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
58 GEOSCIENCES
California annual grassland
annual grass phenology
community structure
dynamic vegetation demography model
exchange
fire regime
grass allometry
matter

California annual grass phenology and allometry influence ecosystem dynamics and fire regime in a vegetation demography model

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