Unified and Consistent Structure Growth Measurements from Joint ACT, SPT, and Planck CMB Lensing

Journal Article · Wed Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2026 · Phys.Rev.Lett.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/k5yr-3h6d· OSTI ID:2564423

Qu, Frank J. ^[1]; Ge, Fei ^[2]; Wu, W.L. Kimmy ^[3]; Abril-Cabezas, Irene ^[4]; Madhavacheril, Mathew S. ^[5]; Millea, Marius ^[6]; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Anderes, Ethan ^[6]; Anderson, Adam J. ^[7]; Ansarinejad, Behzad ^[8]; Archipley, Melanie ^[9]; Atkins, Zachary ^[10]; Balkenhol, Lennart ^[11]; Battaglia, Nicholas ^[12]; Benabed, Karim ^[11]; Bender, Amy N. ^[13]; Benson, Bradford A. ^[7]; Bianchini, Federico ^[14]; Bleem, Lindsey.E. ^[15]; Bolliet, Boris ^[16] ; Bond, J. Richard ^[17]; Bouchet, François.R. ^[11]; Bryant, Lincoln ^[18]; Calabrese, Erminia ^[19]; Camphuis, Etienne ^[11]; Carlstrom, John E. ^[20]; Carron, Julien ^[21]; Challinor, Anthony ^[22]; Chang, Clarence L. ^[13]; Chaubal, Prakrut ^[8]; Chen, Geoff ^[18]; Chichura, Paul M. ^[23]; Choi, Steve K. ^[24]; Chokshi, Aman ^[18]; Chou, Ti-Lin ^[25]; Coerver, Anna ^[26]; Coulton, William ^[27]; Crawford, Thomas M. ^[9]; Daley, Cail ^[28]; Darwish, Omar ^[29]; de Haan, Tijmen ^[30]; Devlin, Mark J. ^[5]; Dibert, Karia R. ^[25]; Dobbs, Matthew A. ^[31]; Doohan, Michael ^[8]; Doussot, Aristide ^[11]; Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. ^[32]; Dunkley, Jo ^[33]; Dunner, Rolando ^[34]; Dutcher, Daniel ^[10]; Embil Villagra, Carmen ^[4]; Everett, Wendy ^[35]; Farren, Gerrit S. ^[36]; Feng, Chang ^[37]; Ferraro, Simone ^[36]; Ferguson, Kyle R. ^[38]; Fichman, Kyra ^[23]; Finson, Emily ^[39]; Foster, Allen ^[10]; Gallardo, Patricio A. ^[5]; Galli, Silvia ^[11]; Gambrel, Anne E. ^[40]; Gardner, Rob W. ^[18]; Goeckner-Wald, Neil ^[41]; Gualtieri, Riccardo ^[42]; Guidi, Federica ^[11]; Guns, Sam ^[26]; Halpern, Mark ^[43]; Halverson, Nils W. ^[35]; Hill, J. Colin ^[44]; Hilton, Matt ^[45]; Hivon, Eric ^[11]; Holder, Gilbert P. ^[37]; Holzapfel, William L. ^[26]; Hood, John C. ^[40]; Howe, Doug ^[18]; Hryciuk, Alec ^[23]; Huang, Nicholas ^[26]; Hubmayr, Johannes ^[46]; Kéruzoré, Florian ^[47]; Khalife, Ali R. ^[11]; Kim, Joshua ^[5]; Knox, Lloyd ^[6]; Korman, Milo ^[48]; Kornoelje, Kayla ^[25]; Kosowsky, Arthur ^[49]; Kuo, Chao-Lin ^[14]; Jense, Hidde T. ^[19]; La Posta, Adrien ^[50]; Levy, Kevin ^[8]; Lowitz, Amy E. ^[40]; Louis, Thibaut ^[51]; Lu, Chunyu ^[37]; Lynch, Gabriel P. ^[6]; MacCrann, Niall ^[4]; Maniyar, Abhishek ^[14]; Martsen, Emily S. ^[25]; McMahon, Jeff ^[52]; Menanteau, Felipe ^[53]; Montgomery, Joshua ^[54]; Nakato, Yuka ^[55]; Moodley, Kavilan ^[56]; Namikawa, Toshiya ^[57]; Natoli, Tyler ^[40]; Niemack, Michael D. ^[58]; Noble, Gavin I. ^[59]; Omori, Yuuki ^[25]; Ouellette, Aaron ^[37]; Page, Lyman A. ^[10]; Pan, Zhaodi ^[60]; Paschos, Pascal ^[18]; Phadke, Kedar A. ^[53]; Pollak, Alexander W. ^[18]; Prabhu, Karthik ^[6]; Quan, Wei ^[61]; Raghunathan, Srinivasan ^[62]; Rahimi, Mahsa ^[8]; Rahlin, Alexandra ^[25]; Reichardt, Christian L. ^[8]; Riebel, Dave ^[18]; Rouble, Maclean ^[54]; Ruhl, John E. ^[48]; Schaan, Emmanuel ^[63]; Schiappucci, Eduardo ^[8]; Sehgal, Neelima ^[39]; Sierra, Carlos E. ^[3]; Simpson, Aidan ^[25]; Sherwin, Blake D. ^[4]; Sifón, Cristóbal ^[64]; Spergel, David N. ^[65]; Staggs, Suzanne T. ^[10]; Sobrin, Joshua A. ^[66]; Stark, Antony A. ^[67]; Stephen, Judith ^[18]; Tandoi, Chris ^[68]; Thorne, Ben ^[6]; Trendafilova, Cynthia ^[62]; Umilta, Caterina ^[37]; Van Engelen, Alexander ^[69]; Vieira, Joaquin D. ^[70]; Vitrier, Aline ^[11]; Wan, Yujie ^[53]; Whitehorn, Nathan ^[71]; Wollack, Edward J. ^[72]; Young, Matthew R. ^[66]; Zebrowski, Jessica A. ^[73]

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1. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U.; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
2. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U.; UC, Davis
3. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; SLAC
4. Cambridge U., DAMTP; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
5. Pennsylvania U.
6. UC, Davis
7. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
8. Melbourne U.
9. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
10. Princeton U.
11. Paris, Inst. Astrophys.
12. Cornell U., LNS; APC, Paris
13. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
14. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U.; SLAC
15. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP
16. Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
17. Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.
18. Chicago U., EFI
19. Cardiff U.
20. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Argonne; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
21. Geneva U.
22. Cambridge U.; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Cambridge U., DAMTP
23. Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
24. UC, Riverside
25. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP
26. UC, Berkeley
27. Cambridge U.; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
28. AIM, Saclay; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
29. Geneva U., CAP; Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys.
30. KEK, Tsukuba; JAERI, Tokai
31. McGill U.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
32. Garching, Max Planck Inst.
33. Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
34. Chile U., Catolica
35. Colorado U.
36. LBNL, Berkeley; UC, Berkeley
37. Illinois U., Urbana
38. UCLA; Michigan State U.
39. SUNY, Stony Brook
40. Chicago U., KICP
41. Stanford U.; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL
42. Argonne; Northwestern U.
43. British Columbia U.
44. Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.
45. Witwatersrand U.; KwaZulu Natal U.
46. NIST, Boulder
47. Argonne
48. Case Western Reserve U.
49. Pittsburgh U.
50. Oxford U.
51. IJCLab, Orsay
52. Chicago U.; Chicago U., EFI
53. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana (main)
54. McGill U.
55. Stanford U.
56. Southern Methodist U.; KwaZulu Natal U.
57. Cambridge U., DAMTP; Tokyo U., IPMU; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.
58. Cornell U.; Cornell U., LNS
59. Toronto U., Astron. Dept.
60. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI
61. Argonne; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
62. Illinois U., Urbana (main)
63. SLAC; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL
64. Valparaiso U., Catolica
65. New York U., CCPP
66. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP
67. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
68. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
69. Arizona State U.
70. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana (main)
71. Michigan State U.
72. NASA, Goddard
73. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Fermilab

We present the tightest cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing constraints to date on the growth of structure by combining CMB lensing measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and Planck. Each of these surveys individually provides lensing measurements with similarly high statistical power, achieving signal-to-noise ratios of approximately 40. The combined lensing band powers represent the most precise CMB lensing power spectrum measurement to date with a signal-to-noise ratio of 61 and an amplitude of $A_{\mathrm{lens}}^{\text{recon}}=1.025\pm 0.017$ with respect to the theory prediction from the best-fit CMB Planck-ACT cosmology. The band powers from all three lensing datasets, analyzed jointly, yield a 1.6% measurement of the parameter combination $S_8^{\mathrm{CMBL}}\equiv {\sigma }_8({\mathrm{\Omega }}_m/0.3{)}^{0.25}=0.825_{-0.013}^{+0.015}$ . Including dark energy spectroscopic instrument baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data improves the constraint on the amplitude of matter fluctuations to ${\sigma }_8=0.829\pm 0.009$ (a 1.1% determination). When combining with uncalibrated supernovae from Pantheon+, we present a 4% sound-horizon-independent estimate of $H_0=66.4\pm 2.5\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ . The joint lensing constraints on structure growth and present-day Hubble rate are fully consistent with a $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ model fit to the primary CMB data from Planck and ACT. While the precise upper limit is sensitive to the choice of data and underlying model assumptions, when varying the neutrino mass sum within the $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}$ cosmological model, the combination of primary CMB, BAO, and CMB lensing drives the probable upper limit for the mass sum towards lower values, comparable to the minimum mass prior required by neutrino oscillation experiments.

• Research Organization: AIM, Saclay; APC, Paris; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Arizona State U.; British Columbia U.; Cambridge U.; Cambridge U., DAMTP; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Cardiff U.; Case Western Reserve U.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP; Chile U., Catolica; Colorado U.; Columbia U.; Columbia U., Astron. Astrophys.; Cornell U.; Cornell U., LNS; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Garching, Max Planck Inst.; Geneva U.; Geneva U., CAP; Geneva U., Dept. Theor. Phys.; Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; IJCLab, Orsay; Illinois U., Urbana; Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; JAERI, Tokai; KEK, Tsukuba; KwaZulu Natal U.; LBNL, Berkeley; McGill U.; Melbourne U.; Michigan State U.; NASA, Goddard; NIST, Boulder; New York U., CCPP; Northwestern U.; Oxford U.; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.; Pennsylvania U.; Pittsburgh U.; Princeton U.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); SUNY, Stony Brook; Southern Methodist U.; Stanford U.; Stanford U., HEPL; Tokyo U., IPMU; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; UC, Berkeley; UC, Davis; UC, Riverside; UCLA; Valparaiso U., Catolica; Witwatersrand U.
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy
• Grant/Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002
• OSTI ID: 2564423
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB-25-0279-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:2916176; arXiv:2504.20038
• Journal Information: Phys.Rev.Lett., Journal Name: Phys.Rev.Lett. Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 136
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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