Strongly Interacting, Two-Dimensional, Dipolar Spin Ensembles in (111)-Oriented Diamond

Hughes, Lillian B.; Meynell, Simon A.; Wu, Weijie; Parthasarathy, Shreyas; Chen, Lingjie; Zhang, Zhiran; Wang, Zilin; Davis, Emily J.; Mukherjee, Kunal; Yao, Norman Y.; Jayich, Ania C. Bleszynski

doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.15.021035

Strongly Interacting, Two-Dimensional, Dipolar Spin Ensembles in (111)-Oriented Diamond

Journal Article · Wed Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Physical Review. X

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.021035· OSTI ID:2563790

; Meynell, Simon A.; ; ; ; ; Wang, Zilin; ; Mukherjee, Kunal; ;

Systems of spins with strong dipolar interactions and controlled dimensionality enable new explorations in quantum sensing and simulation. In this work, we investigate the creation of strong dipolar interactions in a two-dimensional ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers generated via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on (111)-oriented diamond substrates. We find that diamond growth on the (111) plane yields high incorporation of spins, both nitrogen and NV centers, where the density of the latter is tunable via the miscut of the diamond substrate. Our process allows us to form dense, preferentially aligned, 2D NV ensembles with volume-normalized ac sensitivity down to $η_{ac} = 810 pT μ m^{3 / 2} {Hz}^{- 1 / 2}$ . Furthermore, we show that (111) affords maximally positive dipolar interactions among a 2D NV ensemble, which is crucial for leveraging dipolar-driven entanglement schemes and exploring new interacting spin physics.

Published by the American Physical Society 2025

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0019241

OSTI ID:: 2563790

Journal Information:: Physical Review. X, Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 15; ISSN PRXHAE; ISSN 2160-3308

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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