The SPT-Deep Cluster Catalog: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Selected Clusters from Combined SPT-3G and SPTpol Measurements over 100 Square Degrees

Journal Article · Thu Mar 20 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · No journal information

DOI:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.17271· OSTI ID:2563135

Kornoelje, K. ^[1]; Bleem, L. E. ^[2]; Rykoff, E. S. ^[3]; Abbott, T. M.C. ^[4]; Ade, P. A.R. ^[5]; Aguena, M. ^[6]; Alves, O. ^[7]; Anderson, A. J. ^[8]; Andrade-Oliveira, F. ^[7]; Ansarinejad, B. ^[9]; Archipley, M. ^[10]; Ashby, M. L.N. ^[11]; Austermann, J. E. ^[12]; Bacon, D. ^[13]; Balkenhol, L. ^[14]; Bayliss, Matthew B. ^[15]; Beall, J. A. ^[16]; Benabed, K. ^[14]; Bender, A. N. ^[2]; Benson, B. A. ^[8] ; Bianchini, F. ^[9]; Bocquet, S. ^[17]; Bouchet, F. R. ^[14]; Brooks, D. ^[18]; Burke, D. L. ^[19]; Calzadilla, M. ^[11]; Campitiello, M. G. ^[20]; Camphuis, E. ^[14]; Carlstrom, J. E. ^[21]; Carnero Rosell, A. ^[22]; Carretero, J. ^[23]; Chang, C. L. ^[24]; Chaubal, P. ^[9]; Chiang, H. C. ^[25]; Chichura, P. M. ^[26]; Chokshi, A. ^[27]; Chou, T.-L. ^[28]; Citron, R. ^[27]; Coerver, A. ^[29]; Moran, C. Corbett ^[30]; Costanzi, M. ^[31]; Crawford, T. M. ^[28]; Crites, A. T. ^[32]; da Costa, L. N. ^[6]; Daley, C. ^[33]; de Haan, T. ^[34]; De Vicente, J. ^[35]; Desai, S. ^[36]; Dibert, K. R. ^[28]; Dobbs, M. A. ^[37]; Doel, P. ^[18]; Doohan, M. ^[9]; Doussot, A. ^[14]; Dutcher, D. ^[38]; Everett, W. ^[39]; Everett, S. ^[40]; Feng, C. ^[41]; Ferguson, K. R. ^[42]; Mena-Fernandez, J. ^[43]; Ferrero, I. ^[44]; Fichman, K. ^[26]; Flaugher, B. ^[45]; Floyd, B. ^[46]; Foster, A. ^[38]; Friedel, D. ^[47]; Frieman, J. ^[48]; Galli, S. ^[14]; Gallicchio, J. ^[49]; Gambrel, A. E. ^[50]; Garc'ia-Bellido, J. ^[51]; Gardner, R. W. ^[27]; Gassis, R. ^[15]; Gatti, M. ^[52]; Ge, F. ^[53]; George, E. M. ^[54]; Giannini, G. ^[55]; Goeckner-Wald, N. ^[56]; Grandis, S. ^[57]; Gruen, D. ^[17]; Gruendl, R. A. ^[58]; Gualtieri, R. ^[59]; Guidi, F. ^[14]; Guns, S. ^[29]; Gupta, N. ^[9]; Gutierrez, G. ^[45]; Halverson, N. W. ^[39]; Hinton, S. R. ^[60]; Hivon, E. ^[14]; Holder, G. P. ^[61]; Hollowood, D. L. ^[62]; Holzapfel, W. L. ^[29]; Honscheid, K. ^[63]; Hood, J. C. ^[50]; Hrubes, J. D. ^[27]; Hryciuk, A. ^[26]; Huang, N. ^[29]; Hubmayr, J. ^[16]; Irwin, K. D. ^[64]; James, D. J. ^[11]; Kéruzoré, F. ^[20]; Khalife, A. R. ^[14]; Klein, M. ^[17]; Knox, L. ^[53]; Korman, M. ^[65]; Kuehn, K. ^[66]; Kuo, C.-L. ^[67]; Lahav, O. ^[18]; Lee, A. T. ^[34]; Lee, S. ^[30]; Levy, K. ^[9]; Li, D. ^[68]; Lima, M. ^[69]; Lowitz, A. E. ^[50]; Lowitz, A. ^[70]; Lu, C. ^[41]; Mahler, Guillaume ^[71]; Maniyar, A. ^[67]; Marshal, J. L. ^[72]; Marshall, J. L. ^[72]; Martsen, E. S. ^[28]; McDonald, M. ^[73]; McMahon, J. J. ^[74]; Menanteau, F. ^[58]; Millea, M. ^[29]; Miquel, R. ^[75]; Mohr, J. J. ^[76]; Montgomery, J. ^[77]; Myles, J. ^[78]; Nakato, Y. ^[79]; Natoli, T. ^[80]; Nibarger, J. P. ^[16]; Noble, G. I. ^[81]; Novosad, V. ^[20]; Ogando, R. L.C. ^[82]; Omori, Y. ^[28]; Ouellette, A. ^[41]; Padin, S. ^[83]; Pan, Z. ^[84]; Patil, S. ^[9]; Pereira, M. E.S. ^[85]; Phadke, K. A. ^[86]; Pieres, A. ^[87]; Malag'on, A.A. Plazas ^[19]; Pollak, A. W. ^[27]; Prabhu, K. ^[53]; Pryke, C. ^[88]; Quan, W. ^[89]; Rahimi, M. ^[9]; Rahlin, A. ^[28]; Reichardt, C. L. ^[9]; Rodr'iguez-Monroy, M. ^[90]; Romer, A. K. ^[91]; Rouble, M. ^[77]; Ruhl, J. E. ^[65]; Saliwanchik, B. R. ^[92]; Salvati, L. ^[93]; Samuroff, S. ^[94]; Sanchez, E. ^[35]; Sarkar, Arnab ^[95]; Saro, A. ^[31]; Schaffer, K. K. ^[96]; Schiappucci, E. ^[9]; Schrabback, T. ^[97]; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. ^[35]; Sievers, C. ^[27]; Smecher, G. ^[98]; Smith, M. ^[99]; Sobrin, J. A. ^[48]; Somboonpanyakul, T. ^[100]; Stalder, B. ^[101]; Stark, A. A. ^[11]; Strazzullo, V. ^[31]; Suchyta, E. ^[102]; Swanson, M. E.C. ^[47]; Tandoi, C. ^[103]; Tarle, G. ^[7]; Thorne, B. ^[53]; To, C. ^[104]; Trendafilova, C. ^[47]; Tucker, C. ^[5]; Umilta, C. ^[41]; Veach, T. ^[105]; Vieira, J. D. ^[106]; Vincenzi, M. ^[107]; Vitrier, A. ^[14]; Wan, Y. ^[86]; Wang, G. ^[20]; Weaverdyck, N. ^[108]; Weller, J. ^[109]; Whitehorn, N. ^[110]; Wiseman, P. ^[99]; Wu, W. L.K. ^[111]; Yefremenko, V. ^[20]; Young, M. R. ^[48]; Zebrowski, J. A. ^[29]; Zhang, Y. ^[4]

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1. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP; Argonne
2. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
3. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL
4. Cerro-Tololo InterAmerican Obs.
5. Cardiff U.
6. LIneA, Rio de Janeiro
7. Michigan U.
8. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
9. Melbourne U.
10. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
11. Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.
12. NIST, Boulder; Colorado U.
13. Portsmouth U., ICG
14. Paris, Inst. Astrophys.
15. Cincinnati U.
16. NIST, Boulder
17. Munich U.
18. University Coll. London
19. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; SLAC
20. Argonne
21. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Argonne; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
22. IAC, La Laguna; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Laguna U., Tenerife
23. Barcelona, IFAE
24. Chicago U., KICP; Argonne; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
25. McGill U.; KwaZulu Natal U.
26. Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
27. Chicago U., EFI
28. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP
29. UC, Berkeley
30. Caltech, JPL
31. Trieste Observ.; IFPU, Trieste
32. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.
33. AIM, Saclay; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
34. UC, Berkeley; LBL, Berkeley
35. Madrid, CIEMAT
36. Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad
37. McGill U.; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
38. Princeton U.
39. Colorado U.
40. Caltech
41. Illinois U., Urbana
42. UCLA; Michigan State U.
43. LPSC, Grenoble
44. Inst. Theor. Astrophys., Oslo
45. Fermilab
46. Missouri U., Kansas City; Portsmouth U., ICG
47. Illinois U., Urbana (main)
48. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP
49. Chicago U., KICP; Harvey Mudd Coll.
50. Chicago U., KICP
51. Madrid, IFT
52. UPenn, Philadelphia
53. UC, Davis
54. European Southern Observ.; UC, Berkeley
55. Barcelona, IFAE; Chicago U., KICP
56. Stanford U.; KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL
57. Innsbruck U.
58. Illinois U., Urbana (main); Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
59. Northwestern U.
60. Queensland U.
61. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.
62. UC, Santa Cruz
63. Ohio State U., CCAPP; Ohio State U.
64. SLAC; Stanford U.
65. Case Western Reserve U.
66. Australia, CSIRO, North Ryde; Lowell Observ.
67. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Stanford U.; SLAC
68. NIST, Boulder; SLAC
69. Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro
70. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
71. Durham U., ICC; Durham U.; Liege U.
72. Texas A-M
73. MIT; MIT, MKI
74. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.
75. ICREA, Barcelona; Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Barcelona, IFAE
76. Munich U.; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich, Tech. U., Universe
77. McGill U.
78. Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.
79. Stanford U.
80. Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Chicago U., KICP; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.
81. Toronto U., Astron. Dept.
82. Rio de Janeiro Observ.
83. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Caltech
84. Argonne; Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI
85. Hamburg Observ.
86. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana (main)
87. LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Observ.
88. Minnesota U.
89. Argonne; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U., KICP
90. IJCLab, Orsay
91. Sussex U.
92. Case Western Reserve U.; Yale U.
93. AIM, Saclay
94. Northeastern U.; Barcelona, IFAE
95. MIT, MKI
96. Chicago U., KICP; Chicago U., EFI; Chicago U.
97. Innsbruck U.; Argelander Inst. Astron.
98. McGill U.; Unlisted, CA
99. Southampton U.
100. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; Chulalongkorn U.
101. Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.
102. ORNL, Oak Ridge (main)
103. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.
104. Ohio State U., CCAPP
105. Texas U., San Antonio
106. Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Illinois U., Urbana
107. Portsmouth U., ICG; Southampton U.
108. UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.; LBL, Berkeley
109. Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; Munich U.
110. Michigan State U.
111. Chicago U., KICP; SLAC

We present a catalog of 500 galaxy cluster candidates in the SPT-Deep field: a 100 deg$^2$ field that combines data from the SPT-3G and SPTpol surveys to reach noise levels of 3.0, 2.2, and 9.0 $$\mu$$K-arcmin at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, respectively. This is comparable to noise levels expected for the wide field survey of CMB-S4, a next-generation CMB experiment. Candidates are selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect with a minimum significance of $$\xi = 4.0$$, resulting in a catalog of purity $$\sim 89 \%$$. Optical data from the Dark Energy Survey and infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope are used to confirm 442 cluster candidates. The clusters span $$0.12 < z \lesssim 1.8$$ and $$1.0 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70} < M_{500c} < 8.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$$. The sample's median redshift is 0.74 and the median mass is $$1.7 \times 10^{14} M_{\odot}/h_{70}$$; these are the lowest median mass and highest median redshift of any SZ-selected sample to date. We assess the effect of infrared emission from cluster member galaxies on cluster selection by performing a joint fit to the infrared dust and tSZ signals by combining measurements from SPT and overlapping submillimeter data from Herschel/SPIRE. We find that at high redshift ($z>1)$, the tSZ signal is reduced by $$17.4^{+3.1}_{-2.9} \%$$ ($$3.7^{+0.7}_{-0.7}\%$$) at 150 GHz (95 GHz) due to dust contamination. We repeat our cluster finding method on dust-nulled SPT maps and find the resulting catalog is consistent with the nominal SPT-Deep catalog, demonstrating dust contamination does not significantly impact the SPT-Deep selection function; we attribute this lack of bias to the inclusion of the SPT 220 GHz band.

• Research Organization: IJCLab, Orsay; Sao Paulo U., Sao Carlos; ICREA, Barcelona; Rio de Janeiro Observ.; LIneA, Rio de Janeiro; Yale U.; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Caltech; LPSC, Grenoble; Arizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward Observ.; Indian Inst. Tech., Hyderabad; Cardiff U.; Michigan U.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); NIST, Boulder; Princeton U.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Chicago U., EFI; Ohio State U., CCAPP; Canadian Inst. Advanced Res.; Stanford U., HEPL; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.; Stanford U.; Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Ohio State U.; Chicago U., Astron. Astrophys. Ctr.; Portsmouth U., ICG; Innsbruck U.; Minnesota U.; Liege U.; Inst. Theor. Astrophys., Oslo; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Chicago U.; Illinois U., Urbana, Astron. Dept.; Hamburg Observ.; Munich, Tech. U., Universe; Illinois U., Urbana; Michigan State U.; UC, Berkeley, Astron. Dept.; Madrid, CIEMAT; Southampton U.; Caltech, JPL; Australia, CSIRO, North Ryde; Madrid, IFT; Barcelona, IFAE; McGill U.; Melbourne U.; UCLA; Northwestern U.; Chicago U., KICP; Colorado U.; Durham U.; Laguna U., Tenerife; Munich U.; Argelander Inst. Astron.; AIM, Saclay; Queensland U.; Barcelona, Autonoma U.; Cincinnati U.; Durham U., ICC; MIT; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); KwaZulu Natal U.; Texas U., San Antonio; University Coll. London; UC, Berkeley; UPenn, Philadelphia; IAC, La Laguna; Northeastern U.; Missouri U., Kansas City; Texas A-M; Harvey Mudd Coll.; Case Western Reserve U.; European Southern Observ.; Garching, Max Planck Inst., MPE; UC, Davis; UC, Santa Cruz; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Sussex U.; Cerro-Tololo InterAmerican Obs.; Trieste Observ.; Princeton U., Astrophys. Sci. Dept.; IFPU, Trieste; Illinois U., Urbana (main); Unlisted, CA; Chulalongkorn U.; MIT, MKI; Lowell Observ.
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy
• DOE Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002
• OSTI ID: 2563135
• Report Number(s): DES-2024-0851; FERMILAB-PUB-24-0919-PPD; arXiv:2503.17271; oai:inspirehep.net:2902952
• Journal Information: No journal information, Journal Name: No journal information
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

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