Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)

Moriarty, Patrick; Bodini, Nicola; Letizia, Stefano; Abraham, Aliza; Ashley, Tyler; Bärfuss, Konrad B.; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Brewer, Alan; Brugger, Peter; Feuerle, Thomas; Frère, Ariane; Goldberger, Lexie; Gottschall, Julia; Hamilton, Nicholas; Herges, Thomas; Hirth, Brian; Hung, Lin-Ya (Lilian); Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Ivanov, Hristo; Kaul, Colleen; Kern, Stefan; Klein, Petra; Krishnamurthy, Raghavendra; Lampert, Astrid; Lundquist, Julie K.; Morris, Victor R.; Newsom, Rob; Pekour, Mikhail; Pichugina, Yelena; Porté-Angel, Fernando; Pryor, Sara C.; Scholbrock, Andrew; Schroeder, John; Shartzer, Samuel; Simley, Eric; Vöhringer, Lilén; Wharton, Sonia; Zalkind, Daniel

doi:10.1063/5.0141683

Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)

Journal Article · Fri Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0141683· OSTI ID:2561504

; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Herges, Thomas; ; ; ; ; more »

The American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) is a multi-institutional field campaign focused on gathering critical observations of wind farm–atmosphere interactions. These interactions are responsible for a large portion of the uncertainty in wind plant modeling tools that are used to represent wind plant performance both prior to construction and during operation and can negatively impact wind energy profitability. The AWAKEN field campaign will provide data for validation, ultimately improving modeling and lowering these uncertainties. The field campaign is designed to address seven testable hypotheses through the analysis of the observations collected by numerous instruments at 13 ground-based locations and on five wind turbines. The location of the field campaign in Northern Oklahoma was chosen to leverage existing observational facilities operated by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program in close proximity to five operating wind plants. The vast majority of the observations from the experiment are publicly available to researchers and industry members worldwide, which the authors hope will advance the state of the science for wind plants and lead to lower cost and increased reliability of wind energy systems.

View Journal Article

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Wind Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC36-08GO28308; AC52-07NA27344; NA0003525

Other Award/Contract Number:: 03.006.2023
03EE3031A

OSTI ID:: 2561504

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2468620
OSTI ID: 2475780
OSTI ID: 2516792

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-2001578; NREL/JA--5000-89973; PNNL-SA--181066; 053306

Journal Information:: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Journal Name: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 16; ISSN 1941-7012

Publisher:: American Institute of PhysicsCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (122)

Simulating effects of a wind-turbine array using LES and RANS: Simulating turbines using LES and RANS Vanderwende, Brian J.; Kosović, Branko; Lundquist, Julie K. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000652	journal	August 2016
Evaluation of the wind direction uncertainty and its impact on wake modeling at the Horns Rev offshore wind farm: Wind direction uncertainty and its impact on wake modeling Gaumond, M.; Réthoré, P. -E.; Ott, S. Wind Energy, Vol. 17, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1625	journal	May 2013
Turbine-scale wind field measurements using dual-Doppler lidar: Turbine-scale wind field measurements using dual-Doppler lidar Newsom, Rob K.; Berg, Larry K.; Shaw, William J. Wind Energy, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1691	journal	December 2013
An investigation of in-field blockage effects in closely spaced lateral wind farm configurations: In-field blockage effects in closely spaced lateral configurations McTavish, S.; Rodrigue, S.; Feszty, D. Wind Energy, Vol. 18, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1806	journal	September 2014
Analytical modelling of wind speed deficit in large offshore wind farms Frandsen, Sten; Barthelmie, Rebecca; Pryor, Sara Wind Energy, Vol. 9, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.189	journal	January 2006
The flow upstream of a row of aligned wind turbine rotors and its effect on power production: The flow upstream of a row of aligned wind turbine rotors and its effect on power production Meyer Forsting, Alexander Raul; Troldborg, Niels; Gaunaa, Mac Wind Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.1991	journal	May 2016
Quantification of power losses due to wind turbine wake interactions through SCADA, meteorological and wind LiDAR data: Power losses due to wake interactions through SCADA, met and LiDAR data El-Asha, Said; Zhan, Lu; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Wind Energy, Vol. 20, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2123	journal	June 2017
Blockage effects in wind farms Segalini, Antonio; Dahlberg, Jan‐Åke Wind Energy, Vol. 23, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2413	journal	February 2020
LiDAR measurements for an onshore wind farm: Wake variability for different incoming wind speeds and atmospheric stability regimes Zhan, Lu; Letizia, Stefano; Valerio Iungo, Giacomo Wind Energy, Vol. 23, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2430	journal	December 2019
Offshore wind farm wake recovery: Airborne measurements and its representation in engineering models Cañadillas, Beatriz; Foreman, Richard; Barth, Volker Wind Energy, Vol. 23, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2484	journal	February 2020
Data analysis and simulation of the Lillgrund wind farm Sebastiani, Alessandro; Castellani, Francesco; Crasto, Giorgio Wind Energy, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2594	journal	November 2020
Review of wake management techniques for wind turbines Houck, Daniel R. Wind Energy, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2668	journal	August 2021
Quantification of wind turbine energy loss due to leading‐edge erosion through infrared‐camera imaging, numerical simulations, and assessment against SCADA and meteorological data Panthi, Keshav; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Wind Energy, Vol. 26, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.2798	journal	December 2022
Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm Barthelmie, R. J.; Jensen, L. E. Wind Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 6, p. 573-586 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.408	journal	May 2010
Analysis of wake measurements from the ECN Wind Turbine Test Site Wieringermeer, EWTW: Analysis of wake measurements from EWTW Schepers, J. G.; Obdam, T. S.; Prospathopoulos, J. Wind Energy, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.488	journal	August 2011
The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at Horns Rev wind farm: Power deficits in offshore wind farms Hansen, Kurt S.; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Jensen, Leo E. Wind Energy, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/we.512	journal	November 2011
A Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Wind-Turbine Wakes: Boundary-Layer Turbulence Effects Chamorro, Leonardo P.; Porté-Agel, Fernando Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 132, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9380-8	journal	April 2009
Wind-Turbine and Wind-Farm Flows: A Review Porté-Agel, Fernando; Bastankhah, Majid; Shamsoddin, Sina Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 174, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00473-0	journal	September 2019
The Role of Atmospheric Stability and Turbulence in Offshore Wind-Farm Wakes in the German Bight Platis, Andreas; Hundhausen, Marie; Lampert, Astrid Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 182, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00668-4	journal	October 2021
Meteorological aspects of offshore wind energy: Observations from the Vindeby wind farm Barthelmie, R. J.; Courtney, M. S.; Højstrup, J. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 62, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(96)00077-3	journal	September 1996
Changes in fluxes of heat, H2O, and CO2 caused by a large wind farm Rajewski, Daniel A.; Takle, Eugene S.; Lundquist, Julie K. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 194 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.03.023	journal	August 2014
Influence of regional nighttime atmospheric regimes on canopy turbulence and gradients at a closed and open forest in mountain-valley terrain Wharton, S.; Ma, S.; Baldocchi, D. D. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 237-238 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2017.01.020	journal	May 2017
Characterisation of Single Wind Turbine Wakes with Static and Scanning WINTWEX-W LiDAR Data Kumer, Valerie-M.; Reuder, Joachim; Svardal, Benny Energy Procedia, Vol. 80 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.428	journal	January 2015
Experimental characterization of wind turbine wakes: Wind tunnel tests and wind LiDAR measurements Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.11.009	journal	February 2016
Modeling turbine wakes and power losses within a wind farm using LES: An application to the Horns Rev offshore wind farm Wu, Yu-Ting; Porté-Agel, Fernando Renewable Energy, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.06.019	journal	March 2015
Wake effects of large offshore wind farms identified from satellite SAR Christiansen, Merete Bruun; Hasager, Charlotte B. Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 98, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.07.009	journal	October 2005
Wind turbine wake models developed at the technical university of Denmark: A review Göçmen, Tuhfe; Laan, Paul van der; Réthoré, Pierre-Elouan Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.113	journal	July 2016
The efficiency of an array of tidal turbines partially blocking a wide channel Nishino, Takafumi; Willden, Richard H. J. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 708 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.349	journal	August 2012
Flow visualization using momentum and energy transport tubes and applications to turbulent flow in wind farms Meyers, Johan; Meneveau, Charles Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 715 https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.523	journal	January 2013
In the Core of the Night-Effects of Intermittent Mixing on a Horizontally Heterogeneous Surface Acevedo, Otávio C.; Fitzjarrald, David R. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 106, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020824109575	journal	January 2003
Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature Zhou, Liming; Tian, Yuhong; Baidya Roy, Somnath Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1505	journal	April 2012
Regional climate model simulations indicate limited climatic impacts by operational and planned European wind farms Vautard, Robert; Thais, Françoise; Tobin, Isabelle Nature Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4196	journal	February 2014
Costs and consequences of wind turbine wake effects arising from uncoordinated wind energy development Lundquist, J. K.; DuVivier, K. K.; Kaffine, D. Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0281-2	journal	November 2018
Collective wind farm operation based on a predictive model increases utility-scale energy production Howland, Michael F.; Quesada, Jesús Bas; Martínez, Juan José Pena Nature Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01085-8	journal	August 2022
First in situ evidence of wakes in the far field behind offshore wind farms Platis, Andreas; Siedersleben, Simon K.; Bange, Jens Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20389-y	journal	February 2018
Wind plants can impact long-term local atmospheric conditions Bodini, Nicola; Lundquist, Julie K.; Moriarty, Patrick Scientific Reports, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02089-2	journal	November 2021
The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship Wilkinson, Mark D.; Dumontier, Michel; Aalbersberg, IJsbrand Jan Scientific Data, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18	journal	March 2016
Large eddy simulation study of fully developed wind-turbine array boundary layers Calaf, Marc; Meneveau, Charles; Meyers, Johan Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3291077	journal	January 2010
Statistical analysis of kinetic energy entrainment in a model wind turbine array boundary layer Hamilton, Nicholas; Suk Kang, Hyung; Meneveau, Charles Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4761921	journal	November 2012
Large eddy simulation of wind turbine wake dynamics in the stable boundary layer using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Aitken, Matthew L.; Kosović, Branko; Mirocha, Jeffrey D. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885111	journal	May 2014
Evaluation of the potential for wake steering for U.S. land-based wind power plants Bensason, D.; Simley, E.; Roberts, O. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039325	journal	May 2021
Power increases using wind direction spatial filtering for wind farm control: Evaluation using FLORIS, modified for dynamic settings Sinner, M.; Simley, E.; King, J. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039899	journal	March 2021
A prediction model for vertical turbulence momentum flux above infinite wind farms Ge, Mingwei; Yang, Haoze; Zhang, Huan Physics of Fluids, Vol. 33, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0047077	journal	May 2021
Pseudo-2D RANS: A LiDAR-driven mid-fidelity model for simulations of wind farm flows Letizia, S.; Iungo, G. V. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0076739	journal	March 2022
Can lidars assess wind plant blockage in simple terrain? A WRF-LES study Sanchez Gomez, Miguel; Lundquist, Julie K.; Mirocha, Jeffrey D. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0103668	journal	November 2022
Impacts of wind farms on surface air temperatures Baidya Roy, S.; Traiteur, J. J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1000493107	journal	October 2010
A numerical study of the effects of atmospheric and wake turbulence on wind turbine dynamics Churchfield, Matthew J.; Lee, Sang; Michalakes, John Journal of Turbulence, Vol. 13 https://doi.org/10.1080/14685248.2012.668191	journal	January 2012
Wake behind an offshore wind farm observed with dual-Doppler radars Nygaard, Nicolai Gayle; Christian Newcombe, Alexander Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1037 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1037/7/072008	journal	June 2018
ExaWind: A multifidelity modeling and simulation environment for wind energy Sprague, M. A.; Ananthan, S.; Vijayakumar, G. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1452 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1452/1/012071	journal	January 2020
Modelling cluster wakes and wind farm blockage Nygaard, Nicolai Gayle; Steen, Søren Trads; Poulsen, Lina Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1618, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062072	journal	September 2020
Evaluating Global Blockage engineering parametrizations with LES Centurelli, G.; Vollmer, L.; Schmidt, J. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 1934, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1934/1/012021	journal	May 2021
Farm blockage model validation using pre and post construction LiDAR measurements Jacquet, C.; Apgar, D.; Chauchan, V. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022009	journal	May 2022
Enhanced resource assessment and atmospheric monitoring of the research wind farm WiValdi Wildmann, Norman; Hagen, Martin; Gerz, Thomas Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022029	journal	May 2022
Effects of the thrust force induced by wind turbine rotors on the incoming wind field: A wind LiDAR experiment Letizia, Stefano; Moss, Coleman; Puccioni, Matteo Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022033	journal	May 2022
Design of the American Wake Experiment (AWAKEN) field campaign Debnath, Mithu; Scholbrock, Andy K.; Zalkind, Daniel Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022058	journal	May 2022
Lifetime fatigue response due to wake steering on a pair of utility-scale wind turbines Dana, Scott; Ivanov, Hristo; Doubrawa, Paula Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022106	journal	May 2022
Investigating the impact of atmospheric conditions on wake-steering performance at a commercial wind plant Simley, Eric; Debnath, Mithu; Fleming, Paul Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032097	journal	May 2022
Serial-Refine Method for Fast Wake-Steering Yaw Optimization Fleming, Paul A.; Stanley, Andrew P. J.; Bay, Christopher J. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2265, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032109	journal	May 2022
LiDAR Measurements to Investigate Farm-to-Farm Interactions at the AWAKEN Experiment Puccioni, Matteo; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Moss, Coleman Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2505, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012045	journal	May 2023
Holistic scan optimization of nacelle-mounted lidars for inflow and wake characterization at the RAAW and AWAKEN field campaigns Letizia, Stefano; Bodini, Nicola; Brugger, Peter Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 2505, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2505/1/012048	journal	May 2023
IEA-Task 31 WAKEBENCH: Towards a protocol for wind farm flow model evaluation. Part 2: Wind farm wake models Moriarty, Patrick; Rodrigo, Javier Sanz; Gancarski, Pawel Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 524 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/524/1/012185	journal	June 2014
Local blockage effect for wind turbines Nishino, Takafumi; Draper, Scott Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 625 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/625/1/012010	journal	June 2015
Diurnal evolution of wind structure and data availability measured by the DOE prototype radar system Hirth, Brian D.; Schroeder, John L.; Guynes, Jerry G. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 926 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/926/1/012003	journal	November 2017
In situ observations of the influence of a large onshore wind farm on near-surface temperature, turbulence intensity and wind speed profiles Smith, Craig M.; Barthelmie, R. J.; Pryor, S. C. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 8, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034006	journal	July 2013
Distribution of mean kinetic energy around an isolated wind turbine and a characteristic wind turbine of a very large wind farm Cortina, Gerard; Calaf, Marc; Cal, Raúl Bayoán Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.074402	journal	November 2016
Meteorological Controls on Wind Turbine Wakes Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Hansen, Kurt S.; Pryor, Sara C. Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 101, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2012.2204029	journal	April 2013
Long-range modifications of the wind field by offshore wind parks – results of the project WIPAFF Platis, Andreas; Bange, Jens; Bärfuss, Konrad Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 29, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2020/1023	journal	November 2020
Flow Structure and Turbulence in Wind Farms Stevens, Richard J. A. M.; Meneveau, Charles Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-010816-060206	journal	January 2017
The ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Site Sisterson, D. L.; Peppler, R. A.; Cress, T. S. Meteorological Monographs, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-16-0004.1	journal	April 2016
Crop Wind Energy Experiment (CWEX): Observations of Surface-Layer, Boundary Layer, and Mesoscale Interactions with a Wind Farm Rajewski, Daniel A.; Takle, Eugene S.; Lundquist, Julie K. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 94, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00240.1	journal	May 2013
A New Generation of Ground-Based Mobile Platforms for Active and Passive Profiling of the Boundary Layer Wagner, Timothy J.; Klein, Petra M.; Turner, David D. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Vol. 100, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0165.1	journal	January 2019
Virtual Towers Using Coherent Doppler Lidar during the Joint Urban 2003 Dispersion Experiment Calhoun, R.; Heap, R.; Princevac, M. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 45, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2391.1	journal	August 2006
Information Content and Uncertainties in Thermodynamic Profiles and Liquid Cloud Properties Retrieved from the Ground-Based Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) Turner, D. D.; Löhnert, U. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 53, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0126.1	journal	March 2014
“Wind Theft” from Onshore Wind Turbine Arrays: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Parameterization and Resolution Pryor, Sara C.; Shepherd, Tristan J.; Volker, Patrick J. H. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0235.1	journal	January 2020
Turbulence Regimes and Turbulence Intermittency in the Stable Boundary Layer during CASES-99 Sun, Jielun; Mahrt, Larry; Banta, Robert M. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 69, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-11-082.1	journal	January 2012
Measuring a Utility-Scale Turbine Wake Using the TTUKa Mobile Research Radars Hirth, Brian D.; Schroeder, John L.; Gunter, W. Scott Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 29, Issue 6, p. 765-771 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00039.1	journal	June 2012
Field Measurements of Wind Turbine Wakes with Lidars Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Wu, Yu-Ting; Porté-Agel, Fernando Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00051.1	journal	February 2013
Quantifying Wind Turbine Wake Characteristics from Scanning Remote Sensor Data Aitken, Matthew L.; Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00104.1	journal	April 2014
Utility-Scale Wind Turbine Wake Characterization Using Nacelle-Based Long-Range Scanning Lidar Aitken, Matthew L.; Lundquist, Julie K. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00218.1	journal	July 2014
Volumetric Lidar Scanning of Wind Turbine Wakes under Convective and Neutral Atmospheric Stability Regimes Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Porté-Agel, Fernando Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00252.1	journal	October 2014
Wind Measurements from Arc Scans with Doppler Wind Lidar Wang, H.; Barthelmie, R. J.; Clifton, A. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00059.1	journal	November 2015
Comparison of Wake Model Simulations with Offshore Wind Turbine Wake Profiles Measured by Sodar Barthelmie, R. J.; Larsen, G. C.; Frandsen, S. T. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 23, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1886.1	journal	July 2006
Mesoscale Influences of Wind Farms throughout a Diurnal Cycle Fitch, Anna C.; Lundquist, Julie K.; Olson, Joseph B. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 141, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00185.1	journal	July 2013
Near-Ground Effects of Wind Turbines: Observations and Physical Mechanisms Wu, Sicheng; Archer, Cristina L. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 149, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-20-0186.1	journal	March 2021
Energy Effectiveness of Arbitrary Arrays of Wind Turbines Lissaman, P. B. S. Journal of Energy, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62441	journal	November 1979
Role of Surface Energy Exchange for Simulating Wind Turbine Inflow: A Case Study in the Southern Great Plains, USA Wharton, Sonia; Simpson, Matthew; Osuna, Jessica Atmosphere, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6010021	journal	December 2014
Flow Adjustment Inside and Around Large Finite-Size Wind Farms Wu, Ka; Porté-Agel, Fernando Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122164	journal	December 2017
Wind Farm Blockage and the Consequences of Neglecting Its Impact on Energy Production Bleeg, James; Purcell, Mark; Ruisi, Renzo Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061609	journal	June 2018
Wind Farm Loads under Wake Redirection Control Kanev, Stoyan; Bot, Edwin; Giles, Jack Energies, Vol. 13, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164088	journal	August 2020
Atmospheric Drivers of Wind Turbine Blade Leading Edge Erosion: Review and Recommendations for Future Research Pryor, Sara C.; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Cadence, Jeremy Energies, Vol. 15, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228553	journal	November 2022
From Hydrometeor Size Distribution Measurements to Projections of Wind Turbine Blade Leading-Edge Erosion Letson, Fred; Pryor, Sara C. Energies, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093906	journal	May 2023
The Effect of Free-Atmosphere Stratification on Boundary-Layer Flow and Power Output from Very Large Wind Farms Abkar, Mahdi; Porté-Agel, Fernando Energies, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052338	journal	April 2013
Wind Turbine Wake Characterization with Nacelle-Mounted Wind Lidars for Analytical Wake Model Validation Carbajo Fuertes, Fernando; Markfort, Corey; Porté-Agel, Fernando Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10050668	journal	April 2018
United States Wind Turbine Database Hoen, Ben; Diffendorfer, James E.; Rand, Joseph U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TX3DN0	dataset	January 2018
Assessment of virtual towers performed with scanning wind lidars and Ka-band radars during the XPIA experiment Debnath, Mithu; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio; Brewer, W. Alan Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1215-2017	journal	January 2017
Three-dimensional structure of wind turbine wakes as measured by scanning lidar Bodini, Nicola; Zardi, Dino; Lundquist, Julie K. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2881-2017	journal	January 2017
Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Pryor, Sara C. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3463-2019	journal	January 2019
LiSBOA (LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis) for optimal design of lidar scans and retrieval of wind statistics – Part 1: Theoretical framework Letizia, Stefano; Zhan, Lu; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2065-2021	journal	March 2021
LiSBOA (LiDAR Statistical Barnes Objective Analysis) for optimal design of lidar scans and retrieval of wind statistics – Part 2: Applications to lidar measurements of wind turbine wakes Letizia, Stefano; Zhan, Lu; Iungo, Giacomo Valerio Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2095-2021	journal	March 2021
A six-beam method to measure turbulence statistics using ground-based wind lidars Sathe, A.; Mann, J.; Vasiljevic, N. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 8, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-729-2015	journal	January 2015
Lidar arc scan uncertainty reduction through scanning geometry optimization Wang, Hui; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Pryor, Sara C. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1653-2016	journal	January 2016
Evaluation of three lidar scanning strategies for turbulence measurements Newman, Jennifer F.; Klein, Petra M.; Wharton, Sonia Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1993-2016	journal	January 2016
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1) Siedersleben, Simon K.; Platis, Andreas; Lundquist, Julie K. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-249-2020	journal	January 2020
Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1 Tomaszewski, Jessica M.; Lundquist, Julie K. Geoscientific Model Development, Vol. 13, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2645-2020	journal	January 2020
Estimating the wake deflection downstream of a wind turbine in different atmospheric stabilities: an LES study Vollmer, Lukas; Steinfeld, Gerald; Heinemann, Detlev Wind Energy Science, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-1-129-2016	journal	January 2016
Turbulence characterization from a forward-looking nacelle lidar Peña, Alfredo; Mann, Jakob; Dimitrov, Nikolay Wind Energy Science, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-133-2017	journal	March 2017
Wind tunnel experiments on wind turbine wakes in yaw: effects of inflow turbulence and shear Bartl, Jan; Mühle, Franz; Schottler, Jannik Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-329-2018	journal	January 2018
Extending the life of wind turbine blade leading edges by reducing the tip speed during extreme precipitation events Bech, Jakob Ilsted; Hasager, Charlotte Bay; Bak, Christian Wind Energy Science, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-729-2018	journal	January 2018
Wind direction estimation using SCADA data with consensus-based optimization Annoni, Jennifer; Bay, Christopher; Johnson, Kathryn Wind Energy Science, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-355-2019	journal	January 2019
Radar-derived precipitation climatology for wind turbine blade leading edge erosion Letson, Frederick; Barthelmie, Rebecca J.; Pryor, Sara C. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-331-2020	journal	January 2020
Continued results from a field campaign of wake steering applied at a commercial wind farm – Part 2 Fleming, Paul; King, Jennifer; Simley, Eric Wind Energy Science, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-5-945-2020	journal	January 2020
Observations and simulations of a wind farm modifying a thunderstorm outflow boundary Tomaszewski, Jessica M.; Lundquist, Julie K. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1-2021	journal	January 2021
Results from a wake-steering experiment at a commercial wind plant: investigating the wind speed dependence of wake-steering performance Simley, Eric; Fleming, Paul; Girard, Nicolas Wind Energy Science, Vol. 6, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-1427-2021	journal	January 2021
Field experiment for open-loop yaw-based wake steering at a commercial onshore wind farm in Italy Doekemeijer, Bart M.; Kern, Stefan; Maturu, Sivateja Wind Energy Science, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-159-2021	journal	January 2021
An overview of wind-energy-production prediction bias, losses, and uncertainties Lee, Joseph C. Y.; Fields, M. Jason Wind Energy Science, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-311-2021	journal	January 2021
Offshore wind farm global blockage measured with scanning lidar Schneemann, Jörge; Theuer, Frauke; Rott, Andreas Wind Energy Science, Vol. 6, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-521-2021	journal	April 2021
Offshore wind farm cluster wakes as observed by long-range-scanning wind lidar measurements and mesoscale modeling Cañadillas, Beatriz; Beckenbauer, Maximilian; Trujillo, Juan J. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1241-2022	journal	June 2022
Field measurements of wake meandering at a utility-scale wind turbine with nacelle-mounted Doppler lidars Brugger, Peter; Markfort, Corey; Porté-Agel, Fernando Wind Energy Science, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-185-2022	journal	February 2022
The sensitivity of the Fitch wind farm parameterization to a three-dimensional planetary boundary layer scheme Rybchuk, Alex; Juliano, Timothy W.; Lundquist, Julie K. Wind Energy Science, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2085-2022	journal	October 2022
Wind farm flow control: prospects and challenges Meyers, Johan; Bottasso, Carlo; Dykes, Katherine Wind Energy Science, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-2271-2022	journal	November 2022
Turbulence statistics from three different nacelle lidars Fu, Wei; Peña, Alfredo; Mann, Jakob Wind Energy Science, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-831-2022	journal	April 2022
Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms Syed, Abdul Haseeb; Mann, Jakob; Platis, Andreas Wind Energy Science, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-8-125-2023	journal	January 2023

Similar Records

Related Subjects

17 WIND ENERGY
atmospheric dynamics
bending moment
light detection and ranging
physical quantities
strain gauge
turbulent flows
wind energy
wind turbines

Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN)

Citation Formats

References (122)

Similar Records

Related Subjects