Skip to main content
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Future of plasma etching for microelectronics: Challenges and opportunities

Journal Article · · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0003579· OSTI ID:2560935
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less

Plasma etching is an essential semiconductor manufacturing technology required to enable the current microelectronics industry. Along with lithographic patterning, thin-film formation methods, and others, plasma etching has dynamically evolved to meet the exponentially growing demands of the microelectronics industry that enables modern society. At this time, plasma etching faces a period of unprecedented changes owing to numerous factors, including aggressive transition to three-dimensional (3D) device architectures, process precision approaching atomic-scale critical dimensions, introduction of new materials, fundamental silicon device limits, and parallel evolution of post-CMOS approaches. The vast growth of the microelectronics industry has emphasized its role in addressing major societal challenges, including questions on the sustainability of the associated energy use, semiconductor manufacturing related emissions of greenhouse gases, and others. The goal of this article is to help both define the challenges for plasma etching and point out effective plasma etching technology options that may play essential roles in defining microelectronics manufacturing in the future. The challenges are accompanied by significant new opportunities, including integrating experiments with various computational approaches such as machine learning/artificial intelligence and progress in computational approaches, including the realization of digital twins of physical etch chambers through hybrid/coupled models. These prospects can enable innovative solutions to problems that were not available during the past 50 years of plasma etch development in the microelectronics industry. To elaborate on these perspectives, the present article brings together the views of various experts on the different topics that will shape plasma etching for microelectronics manufacturing of the future.

Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
NONE; SC0001939
OSTI ID:
2560935
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2579966
Journal Information:
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, Journal Name: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 42; ISSN 2166-2746
Publisher:
American Vacuum SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (341)

Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials as Emerging Tools for Materials Science journal September 2019
Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research journal December 2020
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins journal September 2011
Multiscale Modeling of Low Pressure Plasma Etching Processes: Linking the Operating Parameters of the Plasma Reactor with Surface Roughness Evolution journal October 2016
Novel Epitaxy for Nitride Semiconductors Using Plasma Technology journal November 2020
Global warming potentials and radiative efficiencies of halocarbons and related compounds: A comprehensive review: HALOCARBON REVIEW journal April 2013
Energy Dependence of Ion-Induced Sputtering Yields from Monatomic Solids at Normal Incidence journal March 1996
Laser-induced chemical etching of silicon in chlorine atmosphere journal December 1988
Wet chemical etching of silicate glasses in hydrofluoric acid based solutions journal December 1993
Towards an integrated modeling of the plasma-solid interface journal June 2019
Comparative study of global warming effects during silicon nitride etching using C3F6O/O2 and C3F6/O2 gas mixtures journal January 2015
Problems related to p-n junctions in silicon journal January 1961
Energy dependence of the ion-induced sputtering yields of monatomic solids journal July 1984
Low temperature etching of Si in high density plasma using SF6/O2 journal February 1995
Photochemical etching with tunable VUV radiation journal May 1996
Fluorocarbons in the global environment: a review of the important interactions with atmospheric chemistry and physics journal September 2003
The black silicon method. VIII. A study of the performance of etching silicon using SF6/O2-based chemistry with cryogenical wafer cooling and a high density ICP source journal September 2001
Multiscale modeling of plasma etch processing journal May 2002
From mine to refrigeration: a life cycle inventory analysis of the production of HFC-134a journal December 2003
Efficiencies above unity in light-induced reaction of Cu with Cl2: excitation, amplification, and diffusion processes journal April 2001
Dielectric film etching in semiconductor device manufacturing journal May 2002
Materials processing by gas cluster ion beams journal October 2001
Effect of different pulse modes during Cl2/Ar inductively coupled plasma etching on the characteristics of nanoscale silicon trench formation journal September 2022
Surface hardening of extreme ultraviolet(EUV) photoresist by CS2 plasma for highly selective and low damage patterning journal August 2023
Thermal atomic layer etching of CoO using acetylacetone and ozone: Evidence for changes in oxidation state and crystal structure during sequential exposures journal November 2023
Characteristics of high aspect ratio SiO2 etching using C4H2F6 isomers journal December 2023
Reaction science of layer-by-layer thinning of graphene with oxygen neutrals at room temperature journal December 2020
Investigation of fluoride and silica removal from semiconductor wastewaters with a clean coagulation-ultrafiltration process journal June 2022
Assessment of removal efficiency of perfluorocompounds (PFCs) in a semiconductor fabrication plant by gas chromatography journal August 2009
Atmospheric chemistry of short-chain haloolefins: Photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs), global warming potentials (GWPs), and ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) journal June 2015
Comparison of different interatomic potentials for MD simulations of AlN journal December 2017
DeePMD-kit: A deep learning package for many-body potential energy representation and molecular dynamics journal July 2018
Fluorine-based plasmas: Main features and application in micro-and nanotechnology and in surface treatment journal March 2018
Air-source heat pump carbon footprints: HFC impacts and comparison to other heat sources journal March 2011
Drawing a chip environmental profile: environmental indicators for the semiconductor industry journal January 2015
A review of semiconductor wastewater treatment processes: Current status, challenges, and future trends journal December 2023
Catalysts for modern fluorinated refrigerants journal April 2021
Effects of atomic layer etching on magnetic properties of CoFeB films: Reduction of Gilbert damping journal December 2022
Coupled precipitation-ultrafiltration for treatment of high fluoride-content wastewater journal January 2016
The passivation layer formation in the cryo-etching plasma process journal May 2007
Molybdenum nanopillar arrays: Fabrication and engineering journal October 2021
Production of HF from H2SiF6 journal January 2016
Climate change and industrial F-gases: A critical and systematic review of developments, sociotechnical systems and policy options for reducing synthetic greenhouse gas emissions journal May 2021
Removal of fluoride from industrial wastewater by using different adsorbents: A review journal June 2021
The chip manufacturing industry: Environmental impacts and eco-efficiency analysis journal February 2023
Molecular dynamics simulation of Si and SiO2 reactive ion etching by fluorine-rich ion species journal December 2019
Effects of deposition precursors of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films on the plasma etching resistance based on mass spectrometer measurements and machine learning analysis journal November 2022
Manipulation of etch selectivity of silicon nitride over silicon dioxide to a-carbon by controlling substate temperature with a CF4/H2 plasma journal April 2023
Textured p-type crystalline silicon surfaces obtained by multi-step plasma process for SHJ solar cells journal September 2023
Mechanisms of Thermal Atomic Layer Etching journal June 2020
Thermodynamics of Atomic Layer Etching Chemistry on Copper and Nickel Surfaces from First Principles journal August 2021
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Nickel Using Sequential Chlorination and Ligand-Addition Reactions journal December 2021
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of CoO, ZnO, Fe2O3, and NiO by Chlorination and Ligand Addition Using SO2Cl2 and Tetramethylethylenediamine journal February 2023
Mechanism of Thermal Al 2 O 3 Atomic Layer Etching Using Sequential Reactions with Sn(acac) 2 and HF journal May 2015
Coarse-Grained Protein Models and Their Applications journal June 2016
Fluorocarbon Refrigerants and their Syntheses: Past to Present journal August 2020
Machine Learning Force Fields and Coarse-Grained Variables in Molecular Dynamics: Application to Materials and Biological Systems journal June 2020
Coarse-Grained Modeling Using Neural Networks Trained on Structural Data journal September 2023
Coarse-Graining Organic Semiconductors: The Path to Multiscale Design journal December 2020
Precise Control of Nanoscale Cu Etching via Gas-Phase Oxidation and Chemical Complexation journal January 2021
Molecular Mechanism of Thermal Dry Etching of Iron in a Two-Step Atomic Layer Etching Process: Chlorination Followed by Exposure to Acetylacetone journal March 2021
Atomic Layer Etching of AlF 3 Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Thermal Reactions with Sn(acac) 2 and Hydrogen Fluoride journal November 2015
Atomic Layer Etching: Rethinking the Art of Etch journal August 2018
Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations journal March 2016
In Situ Thermal Atomic Layer Etching for Sub-5 nm InGaAs Multigate MOSFETs journal June 2019
Mechanism of Thermal Atomic Layer Etch of W Metal Using Sequential Oxidation and Chlorination: A First-Principles Study journal July 2020
Achieving a Low-Voltage, High-Mobility IGZO Transistor through an ALD-Derived Bilayer Channel and a Hafnia-Based Gate Dielectric Stack journal April 2021
High-Density Patterning of InGaZnO by CH4: a Comparative Study of RIE and Pulsed Plasma ALE journal July 2022
Surface Smoothing by Atomic Layer Deposition and Etching for the Fabrication of Nanodevices journal November 2022
Low Global Warming C4H3F7O Isomers for Plasma Etching of SiO2and Si3N4Films journal August 2022
Low-Temperature Etching of Cu by Hydrogen-Based Plasmas journal July 2010
Atomic Layer Deposition: An Overview journal January 2010
The 1.7 Kilogram Microchip:  Energy and Material Use in the Production of Semiconductor Devices journal December 2002
Abatement of PFCs from Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes by Nonthermal Plasma Technologies:  A Critical Review journal May 2006
Fluorine–Silicon Surface Reactions during Cryogenic and Near Room Temperature Etching journal December 2014
Atomic Layer Etching of Al2O3 Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Thermal Reactions with Sn(acac)2 and Hydrogen Fluoride journal January 2015
A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB–MgO magnetic tunnel junction journal July 2010
Ion beam etching redeposition for 3D multimaterial nanostructure manufacturing journal April 2019
Physically informed artificial neural networks for atomistic modeling of materials journal May 2019
Ultrasensitive MoS2 photodetector by serial nano-bridge multi-heterojunction journal October 2019
E(3)-equivariant graph neural networks for data-efficient and accurate interatomic potentials journal May 2022
Machine-learned potentials for next-generation matter simulations journal May 2021
Human–machine collaboration for improving semiconductor process development journal March 2023
The future transistors journal August 2023
Damage-free plasma etching of porous organo-silicate low-k using micro-capillary condensation above −50 °C journal January 2018
Mechanism understanding in cryo atomic layer etching of SiO2 based upon C4F8 physisorption journal January 2021
Selective etching mechanism of silicon oxide against silicon by hydrogen fluoride: a density functional theory study journal January 2023
Extraction of chemical structures from literature and patent documents using open access chemistry toolkits: a case study with PFAS journal January 2022
Analytical model for ion angular distribution functions at rf biased surfaces with collisionless plasma sheaths journal December 2002
Improved interatomic potentials for silicon–fluorine and silicon–chlorine journal February 2004
Mass-analyzed CFx+ (x=1,2,3) ion beam study on selectivity of SiO2-to-SiN etching and a-C:F film deposition journal February 2005
SiOxFy passivation layer in silicon cryoetching journal November 2005
Classical interatomic potential model for Si/H/Br systems and its application to atomistic Si etching simulation by HBr+ journal January 2009
In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of SiOxFy passivation layer obtained in a SF6/O2 cryoetching process journal February 2009
Absolute vacuum ultraviolet flux in inductively coupled plasmas and chemical modifications of 193 nm photoresist journal April 2009
Ion‐ and electron‐assisted gas‐surface chemistry—An important effect in plasma etching journal May 1979
High energy electron fluxes in dc-augmented capacitively coupled plasmas. II. Effects on twisting in high aspect ratio etching of dielectrics journal January 2010
Prediction of UV spectra and UV-radiation damage in actual plasma etching processes using on-wafer monitoring technique journal February 2010
High aspect ratio silicon etch: A review journal September 2010
CF2 production and loss mechanisms in fluorocarbon discharges: Fluorine-poor conditions and polymerization journal April 1999
Control of ion energy distribution at substrates during plasma processing journal July 2000
Photo-assisted etching of silicon in chlorine- and bromine-containing plasmas journal May 2014
Control of ion energy distributions using phase shifting in multi-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas journal June 2015
Cryogenic plasma-processed silicon microspikes as a high-performance anode material for lithium ion-batteries journal October 2017
NiAl as a potential material for liner- and barrier-free interconnect in ultrasmall technology node journal October 2018
Cryo atomic layer etching of SiO 2 by C 4 F 8 physisorption followed by Ar plasma journal October 2019
Machine learning for interatomic potential models journal February 2020
The search for the most conductive metal for narrow interconnect lines journal February 2020
Low‐temperature reactive ion etching and microwave plasma etching of silicon journal February 1988
Characterization of descriptors in machine learning for data-based sputtering yield prediction journal January 2021
Three-dimensional measurements of fundamental plasma parameters in pulsed ICP operation journal June 2020
Coarse graining molecular dynamics with graph neural networks journal November 2020
Multiscale modeling of plasma–surface interaction—General picture and a case study of Si and SiO2 etching by fluorocarbon-based plasmas journal October 2021
Deep coarse-grained potentials via relative entropy minimization journal December 2022
Cryogenic etching of silicon compounds using a CHF3 based plasma journal March 2023
Multilayering FeGa with NiFe and Al2O3 to enhance the soft magnetic properties journal August 2023
Kinetic simulation of a 50 mTorr capacitively coupled argon discharge over a range of frequencies and comparison to experiments journal August 2023
Isotropic atomic layer etching of GaN using SF6 plasma and Al(CH3)3 journal August 2023
An approach to reduce surface charging with cryogenic plasma etching using hydrogen-fluoride contained gases journal November 2023
Interatomic potentials: achievements and challenges journal November 2022
Inductively coupled plasmas in low global-warming-potential gases journal August 2000
Silicon columnar microstructures induced by an SF 6 /O 2 plasma journal September 2005
Ion energy and angular distributions into the wafer–focus ring gap in capacitively coupled discharges journal February 2008
Molecular dynamics for low temperature plasma–surface interaction studies journal September 2009
Hybrid modelling of low temperature plasmas for fundamental investigations and equipment design journal September 2009
The effect of VUV radiation from Ar/O2 plasmas on low-k SiOCH films journal July 2011
Highly selective silicon nitride etching to Si and SiO2 for a gate sidewall spacer using a CF3I/O2/H2 neutral beam journal May 2013
Plasma cryogenic etching of silicon: from the early days to today's advanced technologies journal March 2014
Ion beam experiments for the study of plasma–surface interactions journal May 2014
The grand challenges of plasma etching: a manufacturing perspective journal June 2014
Pulsed plasma etching for semiconductor manufacturing journal July 2014
Cryogenic etching processes applied to porous low-kmaterials using SF6/C4F8plasmas journal September 2015
Theory of the oxidation of metals journal January 1949
Reactions of halogens with surfaces stimulated by VUV light journal July 2006
Progress of radical measurements in plasmas for semiconductor processing journal April 2006
Controlling VUV photon fluxes in low-pressure inductively coupled plasmas journal May 2015
Tailored-waveform excitation of capacitively coupled plasmas and the electrical asymmetry effect journal November 2015
Ion energy distributions in rf sheaths; review, analysis and simulation journal January 1999
Electron collisions—experiment, theory, and applications journal June 2018
Etching with atomic precision by using low electron temperature plasma journal June 2017
Machine learning for modeling, diagnostics, and control of non-equilibrium plasmas journal May 2019
Control of electron velocity distributions at the wafer by tailored voltage waveforms in capacitively coupled plasmas to compensate surface charging in high-aspect ratio etch features journal April 2021
Fast and realistic 3D feature profile simulation platform for plasma etching process journal March 2022
Physics-separating artificial neural networks for predicting initial stages of Al sputtering and thin film deposition in Ar plasma discharges journal February 2023
Computational approach for plasma process optimization combined with deep learning model journal May 2023
A regression model for plasma reaction kinetics journal June 2023
Computational simulations of spatio—temporal plasma dynamics in a very high frequency capacitively coupled reactor journal August 2023
In situmeasurement of VUV/UV radiation from low-pressure microwave-produced plasma in Ar/O2gas mixtures journal July 2017
Charged particle dynamics and distribution functions in low pressure dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas operated at low frequencies and high voltages journal July 2020
The 2021 release of the Quantemol database (QDB) of plasma chemistries and reactions journal September 2022
Foundations of atomic-level plasma processing in nanoelectronics journal October 2022
Foundations of machine learning for low-temperature plasmas: methods and case studies journal February 2023
Plasma dynamics in a capacitively coupled discharge driven by a combination of a single high frequency and a tailored low frequency rectangular voltage waveform journal March 2023
Benchmarking and validation of a hybrid model for electropositive and electronegative capacitively coupled plasmas journal May 2023
Modeling of very high frequency large-electrode capacitively coupled plasmas with a fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code journal April 2023
How robust are modern graph neural network potentials in long and hot molecular dynamics simulations? journal November 2022
Quantum Efficiency of Silicon in the Vacuum Ultraviolet journal April 1964
Influence of doping on the etching of Si(111) journal October 1987
Photochemical etching of silicon: The influence of photogenerated charge carriers journal May 1989
Ab Initio Study of Hot Carriers in the First Picosecond after Sunlight Absorption in Silicon journal June 2014
Generalized Neural-Network Representation of High-Dimensional Potential-Energy Surfaces journal April 2007
Simulation of elevated temperature aluminum metallization using SIMBAD journal July 1992
Robust, stable, and accurate boundary movement for physical etching and deposition simulation journal January 1997
Analytical solution for capacitive RF sheath journal January 1988
Dynamics of a collisional, capacitive RF sheath journal April 1989
Design of ion-implanted MOSFET's with very small physical dimensions journal October 1974
2.5D and 3D Heterogeneous Integration: Emerging applications journal January 2021
Cramming more components onto integrated circuits, Reprinted from Electronics, volume 38, number 8, April 19, 1965, pp.114 ff. journal September 2006
A Study on OTS-PCM Pillar Cell for 3-D Stackable Memory journal November 2018
2022 Review of Data-Driven Plasma Science journal January 2023
High Accuracy Simulation of Silicon Oxynitride Film Grown by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition journal May 2022
Control of surface reactions in high-performance SiO2 etching
  • Tatsumi, T.; Matsui, M.; Okigawa, M.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1305807
journal July 2000
Absolute intensities of the vacuum ultraviolet spectra in oxide etch plasma processing discharges
  • Woodworth, J. R.; Riley, M. E.; Amatucci, V. A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1335685
journal January 2001
Semiempirical profile simulation of aluminum etching in a Cl2/BCl3 plasma
  • Cooperberg, D. J.; Vahedi, V.; Gottscho, R. A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1494818
journal September 2002
Monte Carlo simulation method for etching of deep trenches in Si by a SF6/O2 plasma mixture journal January 2003
Reduction of ultraviolet-radiation damage in SiO2 using pulse-time-modulated plasma and its application to charge coupled 44 device image sensor processes
  • Okigawa, Mitsuru; Ishikawa, Yasushi; Samukawa, Seiji
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1629712
journal November 2003
Etching yield of SiO2 irradiated by F+, CFx+ (x=1,2,3) ion with energies from 250 to 2000 eV
  • Karahashi, Kazuhiro; Yanai, Ken-ichi; Ishikawa, Kenji
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1761119
journal June 2004
Using Ni masks in inductively coupled plasma etching of high density hole patterns in GaN
  • Hsu, David S. Y.; Kim, Chul Soo; Eddy, Charles R.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 23, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1978896
journal January 2005
Oxidation threshold in silicon etching at cryogenic temperatures
  • Tillocher, T.; Dussart, R.; Mellhaoui, X.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 24, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2210946
journal June 2006
Low-damage low-k etching with an environmentally friendly CF3I plasma
  • Soda, Eiichi; Kondo, Seiichi; Saito, Shuichi
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2919137
journal July 2008
Plasma atomic layer etching using conventional plasma equipment journal January 2009
Etching of SiO2 in C4F8∕Ar plasmas. II. Simulation of surface roughening and local polymerization journal February 2010
High rate deep Si etching for through-silicon via applications
  • Sakai, Itsuko; Sakurai, Noriko; Ohiwa, Tokuhisa
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3543635
journal January 2011
Hydrogen effects in hydrofluorocarbon plasma etching of silicon nitride: Beam study with CF+, CF2+, CHF2+, and CH2F+ ions
  • Ito, Tomoko; Karahashi, Kazuhiro; Fukasawa, Masanaga
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 29, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3610981
journal July 2011
Surprising importance of photo-assisted etching of silicon in chlorine-containing plasmas
  • Shin, Hyungjoo; Zhu, Weiye; Donnelly, Vincent M.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 30, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3681285
journal March 2012
Pulsed high-density plasmas for advanced dry etching processes
  • Banna, Samer; Agarwal, Ankur; Cunge, Gilles
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 30, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4716176
journal July 2012
Plasma etching: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow journal September 2013
Fluorocarbon assisted atomic layer etching of SiO 2 using cyclic Ar/C 4 F 8 plasma
  • Metzler, Dominik; Bruce, Robert L.; Engelmann, Sebastian
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 32, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4843575
journal March 2014
Comparison of surface vacuum ultraviolet emissions with resonance level number densities. I. Argon plasmas
  • Boffard, John B.; Lin, Chun C.; Culver, Cody
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 32, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4859376
journal March 2014
Thermodynamic assessment and experimental verification of reactive ion etching of magnetic metal elements
  • Kim, Taeseung; Chen, Jack Kun-Chieh; Chang, Jane P.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4885061
journal June 2014
Study on contact distortion during high aspect ratio contact SiO 2 etching
  • Kim, Jong Kyu; Lee, Sung Ho; Cho, Sung Il
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4901872
journal March 2015
Overview of atomic layer etching in the semiconductor industry
  • Kanarik, Keren J.; Lill, Thorsten; Hudson, Eric A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 33, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4913379
journal March 2015
Transfer of nanopantography-defined patterns using highly selective plasma etching
  • Tian, Siyuan; Donnelly, Vincent M.; Economou, Demetre J.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 33, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4918716
journal May 2015
Fluorocarbon assisted atomic layer etching of SiO 2 and Si using cyclic Ar/C 4 F 8 and Ar/CHF 3 plasma
  • Metzler, Dominik; Li, Chen; Engelmann, Sebastian
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4935462
journal January 2016
Initial evaluation and comparison of plasma damage to atomic layer carbon materials using conventional and low T e plasma sources
  • Jagtiani, Ashish V.; Miyazoe, Hiroyuki; Chang, Josephine
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4936622
journal January 2016
Formation of a SiOF reaction intermixing layer on SiO2 etching using C4F6/O2/Ar plasmas
  • Ohya, Yoshinobu; Tomura, Maju; Ishikawa, Kenji
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4949570
journal May 2016
Insights into the mechanism of in-plasma photo-assisted etching using optical emission spectroscopy
  • Sridhar, Shyam; Liu, Lei; Hirsch, Emilia W.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4964641
journal November 2016
SiO2 etching in an Ar/c-C4F8/O2 dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma journal December 2016
Ion beam assisted organic chemical vapor etch of magnetic thin films
  • Chen, Jack Kun-Chieh; Kim, Taeseung; Altieri, Nicholas D.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4978553
journal March 2017
Atomic layer etching of 3D structures in silicon: Self-limiting and nonideal reactions
  • Huard, Chad M.; Zhang, Yiting; Sriraman, Saravanapriyan
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4979661
journal May 2017
Directional etch of magnetic and noble metals. II. Organic chemical vapor etch
  • Chen, Jack Kun-Chieh; Altieri, Nicholas D.; Kim, Taeseung
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 35, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4983830
journal September 2017
Bottom profile degradation mechanism in high aspect ratio feature etching based on pattern transfer observation
  • Negishi, Nobuyuki; Miyake, Masatoshi; Yokogawa, Ken'etsu
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 35, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.4998943
journal September 2017
SiO2 etch characteristics and environmental impact of Ar/C3F6O chemistry
  • Lee, Ho Seok; Yang, Kyung Chae; Kim, Soo Gang
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 36, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5027446
journal November 2018
Enhanced silicon nitride etching in the presence of F atoms: Quantum chemistry simulation
  • Barsukov, Yuri V.; Volynets, Vladimir; Kobelev, Anton A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 36, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5044647
journal August 2018
Molecular mechanisms of atomic layer etching of cobalt with sequential exposure to molecular chlorine and diketones journal February 2019
Plasma etching of high aspect ratio features in SiO 2 using Ar/C 4 F 8 /O 2 mixtures: A computational investigation journal May 2019
Low-global warming potential fluoroether compounds for plasma etching of SiO2 and Si3N4 layers journal July 2019
Insights into different etching properties of continuous wave and atomic layer etching processes for SiO2 and Si3N4 films using voxel-slab model
  • Kuboi, Nobuyuki; Tatsumi, Tetsuya; Komachi, Jun
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 37, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5105384
journal August 2019
Pattern dependent profile distortion during plasma etching of high aspect ratio features in SiO 2 journal March 2020
Inside the mysterious world of plasma: A process engineer’s perspective journal March 2020
Electron beam injection from a hollow cathode plasma into a downstream reactive environment: Characterization of secondary plasma production and Si3N4 and Si etching journal May 2020
Optical spectroscopy for diagnostics and process control during glow discharge etching and sputter deposition journal September 1978
Plasma etching—A discussion of mechanisms journal March 1979
Structural transitions in ballistic aggregation simulation of thin-film growth journal May 1988
Monte Carlo low pressure deposition profile simulations
  • Rey, Juan C.; Cheng, Lie-Yea; McVittie, James P.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.577580
journal May 1991
Fluorocarbon high‐density plasmas. I. Fluorocarbon film deposition and etching using CF 4 and CHF 3
  • Oehrlein, G. S.; Zhang, Y.; Vender, D.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.578876
journal March 1994
Microprofile simulations for plasma etching with surface passivation journal September 1994
Surface processes in plasma-assisted etching environments journal January 1983
Chemical sputtering of silicon by F+, Cl+, and Br+ ions: Reactive spot model for reactive ion etching
  • Tachi, Shin’ichi; Okudaira, Sadayuki
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.583404
journal March 1986
Silicon doping effects in reactive plasma etching journal March 1986
Reaction of silicon with chlorine and ultraviolet laser induced chemical etching mechanisms journal September 1989
Microscopic uniformity in plasma etching journal September 1992
Profile modeling of high density plasma oxide etching journal July 1995
Across-wafer nonuniformity of long throw sputter deposition
  • Mayo, A. A.; Hamaguchi, S.; Joo, J. H.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.589526
journal September 1997
Patterning nickel for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask application I. Atomic layer etch processing journal June 2020
Patterning nickel for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask application. II. Hybrid reactive ion etch and atomic layer etch processing journal July 2020
Dry etching strategy of spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory: A review
  • Islam, Rabiul; Cui, Bo; Miao, Guo-Xing
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000205
journal August 2020
Formation and desorption of nickel hexafluoroacetylacetonate Ni(hfac)2 on a nickel oxide surface in atomic layer etching processes
  • Basher, Abdulrahman H.; Krstić, Marjan; Fink, Karin
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 38, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000293
journal August 2020
Review on recent progress in patterning phase change materials
  • Shen, Meihua; Lill, Thorsten; Altieri, Nick
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 38, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000336
journal September 2020
Effects of O2 addition on in-plasma photo-assisted etching of Si with chlorine journal September 2020
Universal scaling relationship for atomic layer etching journal January 2021
Atomic layer etching of GaN using Cl2 and He or Ar plasma
  • Ruel, Simon; Pimenta-Barros, Patricia; Le Roux, Frédéric
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000830
journal February 2021
Thermal atomic layer etching of germanium-rich SiGe using an oxidation and “conversion-etch” mechanism
  • Abdulagatov, Aziz I.; Sharma, Varun; Murdzek, Jessica A.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0000834
journal February 2021
Thermal atomic layer etching: A review journal May 2021
Model analysis of the feature profile evolution during Si etching in HBr-containing plasmas journal May 2021
Effect of nonvertical ion bombardment due to edge effects on polymer surface morphology evolution and etching uniformity journal May 2021
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of SiO2 film using capacitively coupled Ar/O2 plasmas: A computational investigation
  • Qu, Chenhui; Sakiyama, Yukinori; Agarwal, Pulkit
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001121
journal August 2021
Molecular dynamics simulation for reactive ion etching of Si and SiO2 by SF5+ ions
  • Tinacba, Erin Joy Capdos; Ito, Tomoko; Karahashi, Kazuhiro
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001230
journal July 2021
Effects of structured electrodes on electron power absorption and plasma uniformity in capacitive RF discharges
  • Wang, Li; Hartmann, Peter; Donkó, Zoltán
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001327
journal October 2021
Deposit and etchback approach for ultrathin Al2O3 films with low pinhole density using atomic layer deposition and atomic layer etching
  • Gertsch, Jonas C.; Sortino, Emanuele; Bright, Victor M.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, Vol. 39, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0001340
journal November 2021
Efficient plasma-surface interaction surrogate model for sputtering processes based on autoencoder neural networks journal January 2022
Plasma atomic layer etching for titanium nitride at low temperatures journal February 2022
Plasma-assisted thermal-cyclic atomic-layer etching of tungsten and control of its selectivity to titanium nitride journal February 2022
Plasma-based area selective deposition for extreme ultraviolet resist defectivity reduction and process window improvement journal May 2022
In-depth feasibility study of extreme ultraviolet damascene extension: Patterning, dielectric etch, and metallization journal February 2022
Molecular dynamics study of silicon atomic layer etching by chlorine gas and argon ions journal March 2022
Control of etch profiles in high aspect ratio holes via precise reactant dosing in thermal atomic layer etching journal February 2022
Absolute measurement of vacuum ultraviolet photon flux in an inductively coupled plasma using a Au thin film journal March 2022
In-plasma photo-assisted etching of Si with chlorine aided by an external vacuum ultraviolet source journal March 2022
Optimization of silicon etch rate in a CF4/Ar/O2 inductively coupled plasma journal April 2022
Cryogenic nanoscale etching of silicon nitride selectively to silicon by alternating SiF4/O2 and Ar plasmas journal August 2022
Molecular dynamics simulation of Si trench etching with SiO2 hard masks journal August 2022
Molecular dynamics simulation of oxide-nitride bilayer etching with energetic fluorocarbon ions journal November 2022
Dry etching in the presence of physisorption of neutrals at lower temperatures journal February 2023
Electron beam-induced etching of SiO2, Si3N4, and poly-Si assisted by CF4/O2 remote plasma journal December 2022
Control of the ion flux and energy distribution of dual-frequency capacitive RF plasmas by the variation of the driving voltages journal February 2023
Voltage waveform tailoring for high aspect ratio plasma etching of SiO2 using Ar/CF4/O2 mixtures: Consequences of ion and electron distributions on etch profiles journal December 2022
Exploring the self-limiting atomic layer etching of AlGaN: A study of O2-BCl3 and chlorinate-argon systems journal June 2023
Mechanism of residue formation on Ge-rich germanium antimony tellurium alloys after plasma etching journal August 2023
Defect detection strategies and process partitioning for single-expose EUV patterning journal September 2018
Investigating metal oxide resists for patterning 28-nm pitch structures using single exposure extreme ultraviolet: defectivity, electrical test, and voltage contrast study journal October 2022
Modeling of plasma processing reactors: review and perspective journal November 2023
Review: Machine learning for advancing low-temperature plasma modeling and simulation journal December 2023
STT MRAM patterning challenges conference March 2013
EUV patterning successes and frontiers conference March 2016
Reducing EUV mask 3D effects by alternative metal absorbers conference March 2017
Update on optical material properties for alternative EUV mask absorber materials conference September 2017
Line roughness improvements on EUV 36nm pitch pattern by plasma treatment method conference March 2019
Effect of surface temperature on GeSbTe damage formation during plasma processing conference March 2021
EUV resist curing technique for LWR reduction and etch selectivity enhancement conference March 2012
Patterning enhancement techniques by reactive ion etch conference March 2012
Numerical Simulation of Cryogenic Etching: Model with Delayed Desorption journal January 2021
Photo-Excited Etching of Poly-Crystalline and Single-Crystalline Silicon in Cl2Atmosphere journal January 1985
Single Silicon Etching Profile Simulation journal January 1988
SiO2 Tapered Etching Employing Magnetron Discharge of Fluorocarbon Gas journal February 1992
Realistic Etch Yield of Fluorocarbon Ions in SiO2 Etch Process journal July 1999
Quantum Chemical Study on Decomposition and Polymer Deposition in Perfluorocarbon Plasmas: Molecular Orbital Calculations of Excited States of Perfluorocarbons journal February 2001
Dry Etching of SiO2Thin Films with Perfluoropropenoxide–O2and Perfluoropropene–O2Plasmas journal October 2002
Comparative Studies of Perfluorocarbon Alternative Gas Plasmas for Contact Hole Etch journal September 2003
Investigation of Bowing Reduction in SiO2 Etching Taking into Account Radical Sticking in a Hole journal December 2007
Developments of Plasma Etching Technology for Fabricating Semiconductor Devices journal March 2008
Effects of Mask and Necking Deformation on Bowing and Twisting in High-Aspect-Ratio Contact Hole Etching journal August 2009
Chemical Processing of Materials on Silicon: More Functionality, Smaller Features, and Larger Wafers journal July 2012
Damascene copper electroplating for chip interconnections journal September 1998
Silicon CMOS devices beyond scaling journal July 2006
A Review of SiO[sub 2] Etching Studies in Inductively Coupled Fluorocarbon Plasmas journal January 2001
Application of Volatility Diagrams for Low Temperature, Dry Etching, and Planarization of Copper journal January 2002
The Possibility of Carbonyl Fluoride as a New CVD Chamber Cleaning Gas journal January 2004
Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching of Bulk Titanium for MEMS Applications journal January 2005
Principal Component Analysis of Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry: Application to Reactive Ion Etch Process Parameter Estimation Using Neural Networks journal March 1992
Tungsten Etching in  CF 4 and  SF 6 Discharges journal January 1984
Two Cryogenic Processes Involving SF[sub 6], O[sub 2], and SiF[sub 4] for Silicon Deep Etching journal January 2008
Subtractive Etching of Cu with Hydrogen-Based Plasmas journal October 2010
Etching of CoFeB Using CO∕NH[sub 3] in an Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching System journal January 2011
Low Damage Cryogenic Etching of Porous Organosilicate Low-k Materials Using SF6/O2/SiF4 journal January 2013
Atomic Layer Etching: An Industry Perspective journal January 2015
Highly Selective Directional Atomic Layer Etching of Silicon journal January 2015
Atomic Layer Etching of HfO 2 Using Sequential, Self-Limiting Thermal Reactions with Sn(acac) 2 and HF journal January 2015
Atomic Layer Etching: What Can We Learn from Atomic Layer Deposition? journal January 2015
Atomic Layer Etching at the Tipping Point: An Overview journal January 2015
Electron Beam Generated Plasmas for Ultra Low T e Processing journal January 2015
Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching of Magnetic Tunnel Junction Stacks in a CH3COOH/Ar Gas journal August 2015
Etch Characteristics of Low-K Materials Using CF3I/C4F8/Ar/O2 Inductively Coupled Plasmas journal July 2022
Modeling of the plasma chemistry and plasma–surface interactions in reactive plasmas journal April 2010
Beyond 10 μm Depth Ultra-High Speed Etch Process with 84% Lower Carbon Footprint for Memory Channel Hole of 3D NAND Flash over 400 Layers conference June 2023
Assembly and Curation of Lists of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) to Support Environmental Science Research journal April 2022
An Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gases in the Semiconductor Industry Using F2 Dissociated in Plasma for CVD Chamber Cleaning journal May 2018
Data Needs for Modeling Low-Temperature Non-Equilibrium Plasmas: The LXCat Project, History, Perspectives and a Tutorial journal February 2021
Exploring Topological Semi-Metals for Interconnects journal February 2023
Development of Virtual Metrology Using Plasma Information Variables to Predict Si Etch Profile Processed by SF6/O2/Ar Capacitively Coupled Plasma journal June 2021
Investigation of SiO2 Etch Characteristics by C6F6/Ar/O2 Plasmas Generated Using Inductively Coupled Plasma and Capacitively Coupled Plasma journal February 2022
Contribution of Ion Energy and Flux on High-Aspect Ratio SiO2 Etching Characteristics in a Dual-Frequency Capacitively Coupled Ar/C4F8 Plasma: Individual Ion Energy and Flux Controlled journal May 2023
Characterization of SiO2 Plasma Etching with Perfluorocarbon (C4F8 and C6F6) and Hydrofluorocarbon (CHF3 and C4H2F6) Precursors for the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction journal August 2023
High Sensitivity Resists for EUV Lithography: A Review of Material Design Strategies and Performance Results journal August 2020
Recent Progress of Atomic Layer Technology in Spintronics: Mechanism, Materials and Prospects journal February 2022
On the Vertically Stacked Gate-All-Around Nanosheet and Nanowire Transistor Scaling beyond the 5 nm Technology Node journal May 2022
Life-Cycle Assessment of Refrigerants for Air Conditioners Considering Reclamation and Destruction journal December 2022
The EU’s Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science journal August 2023
Self-limiting processes in thermal atomic layer etching of nickel by hexafluoroacetylacetone journal August 2020
Novel technology of high-aspect-ratio etch utilizing coverage-controllable atomic layer deposition journal June 2022
Science-based, data-driven developments in plasma processing for material synthesis and device-integration technologies journal November 2022
Modeling and simulation of coverage and film properties in deposition process on large-scale pattern using statistical ensemble method journal March 2023
Progress report on high aspect ratio patterning for memory devices journal May 2023
Atomic layer deposition and its derivatives for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresist applications journal June 2023
Comparison of distributions of etching rate and calculated plasma parameters in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasma journal August 2023
Anisotropic/Isotropic Atomic Layer Etching of Metals journal May 2020
Narrow free-standing features fabricated by top-down self-limited trimming of organic materials using precisely temperature-controlled plasma etching system journal January 2019
Progress and perspectives in dry processes for leading-edge manufacturing of devices: toward intelligent processes and virtual product development journal May 2019
Formation mechanism of sidewall striation in high-aspect-ratio hole etching journal May 2019
Rethinking surface reactions in nanoscale dry processes toward atomic precision and beyond: a physics and chemistry perspective journal May 2019
Impact of CoFeB surface roughness on reliability of MgO films in CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junction journal July 2019
Multiscale plasma and feature profile simulations of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition processes for titanium thin film fabrication journal February 2020
Wavelength Dependence of Photon-Induced Interface Defects in Hydrogenated Silicon Nitride/Si Structure during Plasma Etching Processes journal May 2013
In-situ detection method for wafer movement and micro-arc discharge around a wafer in plasma etching process using electrostatic chuck wafer stage with built-in acoustic emission sensor journal January 2014
Defect generation in electronic devices under plasma exposure: Plasma-induced damage journal May 2017
Progress and prospects in nanoscale dry processes: How can we control atomic layer reactions? journal June 2017
Atomic layer etching of GaN and AlGaN using directional plasma-enhanced approach journal May 2017
Electron behaviors in afterglow of synchronized dc-imposed pulsed fluorocarbon-based plasmas journal May 2017
Progress in nanoscale dry processes for fabrication of high-aspect-ratio features: How can we control critical dimension uniformity at the bottom? journal May 2018
Cooperative simulation of lithography and topography for three-dimensional high-aspect-ratio etching journal April 2018
Effect of substrate temperature on sidewall erosion in high-aspect-ratio Si hole etching employing HBr/SF6/O2 plasma journal August 2018

Similar Records

Science challenges and research opportunities for plasma applications in microelectronics
Journal Article · Mon Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B · OSTI ID:2349231

Related Subjects