Resonant propagation of extreme-ultraviolet pulses through strongly driven high-density media

He, Yu; Hu, Shuyuan; Borisova, Gergana D.; Zhang, Yizhu; Rebholz, Marc; Liu, Zuoye; Gaarde, Mette B.; Ott, Christian; Pfeifer, Thomas

doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023064

Resonant propagation of extreme-ultraviolet pulses through strongly driven high-density media

Journal Article · Wed Apr 16 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Physical Review Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.023064· OSTI ID:2558163

; Hu, Shuyuan; ; ; ; Liu, Zuoye; ; ;

We show that by combining strong-field dressing and resonant propagation of XUV pulses, the transition of absorption lines from their natural Lorentzian profiles through Fano and complex multipeak shapes all the way back to broadened near-Lorentzian profiles can be achieved, in the limit of optically thick samples. The final stage of this spectral modification can be understood in terms of a significant temporal stretching and delay of the resonant XUV pulse as it propagates through the dense gas, which alters the ultrafast absorption that is modified by the time-synchronized few-femtosecond laser pulse. We first demonstrate this concept in numerical calculations, both using a model system and through a fully coupled solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Maxwell wave equation. The applicability and generality of the underlying mechanism is then illustrated in proof-of-principle attosecond transient absorption measurements in a helium gas with a widely varying atomic density. These results provide insights into the interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with dense media and its coherent control.

Published by the American Physical Society 2025

View Journal Article

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010431

OSTI ID:: 2558163

Journal Information:: Physical Review Research, Journal Name: Physical Review Research Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 7; ISSN PPRHAI; ISSN 2643-1564

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (60)

Femtosecond induced transparency and absorption in the extreme ultraviolet by coherent coupling of the He 2s2p (1Po) and 2p2 (1Se) double excitation states with 800nm light Loh, Zhi-Heng; Greene, Chris H.; Leone, Stephen R. Chemical Physics, Vol. 350, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.11.005	journal	June 2008
Real-time observation of valence electron motion Goulielmakis, Eleftherios; Loh, Zhi-Heng; Wirth, Adrian Nature, Vol. 466, Issue 7307 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09212	journal	August 2010
Reconstruction and control of a time-dependent two-electron wave packet Ott, Christian; Kaldun, Andreas; Argenti, Luca Nature, Vol. 516, Issue 7531 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14026	journal	December 2014
Symmetry of molecular Rydberg states revealed by XUV transient absorption spectroscopy Peng, Peng; Marceau, Claude; Hervé, Marius Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13251-w	journal	November 2019
Coherent control of ultrafast extreme ultraviolet transient absorption Peng, Peng; Mi, Yonghao; Lytova, Marianna Nature Photonics, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-021-00907-7	journal	December 2021
Emerging ultrafast techniques for studying quantum materials Zong, Alfred; Nebgen, Bailey R.; Lin, Sheng-Chih Nature Reviews Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00530-0	journal	February 2023
Sub-cycle Oscillations in Virtual States Brought to Light Chini, Michael; Wang, Xiaowei; Cheng, Yan Scientific Reports, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01105	journal	January 2013
XUV-beamline for attosecond transient absorption measurements featuring a broadband common beam-path time-delay unit and in situ reference spectrometer for high stability and sensitivity Stooß, Veit; Hartmann, Maximilian; Birk, Paul Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 90, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5091069	journal	May 2019
The role of transition dipole phase in atomic attosecond transient absorption from the multi-level model Yuan, Guanglu; Jiang, Shicheng; Wang, Ziwen Structural Dynamics, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5124441	journal	September 2019
Attosecond absorption and reflection spectroscopy of solids Di Palo, N.; Inzani, G.; Dolso, G. L. APL Photonics, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0176656	journal	February 2024
Controlling laser-dressed resonance line shape using attosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulse with a spectral minimum Fu, Yong; Wang, Bincheng; Wang, Kan Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2307836121	journal	January 2024
Theory of strong-field attosecond transient absorption Wu, Mengxi; Chen, Shaohao; Camp, Seth Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 49, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/6/062003	journal	February 2016
Macroscopic transient absorption in a V-type three-level system He, Yu; Chen, Rao; Wang, Fujun Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 53, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ab9a95	journal	July 2020
Clocking the buildup dynamics of light-induced states through attosecond transient absorption spectrum Wu, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Shaofeng; Ye, Difa Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Vol. 54, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac3847	journal	October 2021
Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics Borrego-Varillas, Rocío; Lucchini, Matteo; Nisoli, Mauro Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f	journal	May 2022
II. The Bakerian Lecture. On the theory of light and colours Young, Thomas Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 92, p. 12-48 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1802.0004	journal	January 1802
I. The Bakerian Lecture. Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics Young, Thomas Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 94, p. 1-16 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstl.1804.0001	journal	January 1804
Propagation of Small-Area Pulses of Coherent Light through a Resonant Medium Crisp, M. D. Physical Review A, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.1.1604	journal	June 1970
Watching the formation and reshaping of a Fano resonance in a macroscopic medium He, Yu; Liu, Zuoye; Xue, Nan Physical Review A, Vol. 103, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.103.L041102	journal	April 2021
Theory of dipole moment reconstruction by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy Wu, Xiaoxia; Zhang, Linxuan; Zhang, Shaofeng Physical Review A, Vol. 104, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.104.063121	journal	December 2021
Pinpointing the macroscopic signatures of attosecond transient absorption in helium: Reshaped spectral splitting and persistent quantum beating Liu, Jiajia; Cao, Wei; Zhang, Qingbin Physical Review A, Vol. 105, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.105.063515	journal	June 2022
Transient absorption and reshaping of ultrafast XUV light by laser-dressed helium Gaarde, Mette B.; Buth, Christian; Tate, Jennifer L. Physical Review A, Vol. 83, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.013419	journal	January 2011
Theory of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of strong-field-generated ions Santra, Robin; Yakovlev, Vladislav S.; Pfeifer, Thomas Physical Review A, Vol. 83, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.83.033405	journal	March 2011
Light-induced states in attosecond transient absorption spectra of laser-dressed helium Chen, Shaohao; Bell, M. Justine; Beck, Annelise R. Physical Review A, Vol. 86, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.86.063408	journal	December 2012
Absorption and emission of single attosecond light pulses in an autoionizing gaseous medium dressed by a time-delayed control field Chu, Wei-Chun; Lin, C. D. Physical Review A, Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013415	journal	January 2013
Ultrafast time-dependent absorption in a macroscopic three-level helium gas Wu, Mengxi; Chen, Shaohao; Schafer, Kenneth J. Physical Review A, Vol. 87, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013828	journal	January 2013
Laser-imposed phase in resonant absorption of an isolated attosecond pulse Chen, Shaohao; Wu, Mengxi; Gaarde, Mette B. Physical Review A, Vol. 88, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.88.033409	journal	September 2013
Alternating absorption features during attosecond-pulse propagation in a laser-controlled gaseous medium Pfeiffer, Adrian N.; Bell, M. Justine; Beck, Annelise R. Physical Review A, Vol. 88, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.88.051402	journal	November 2013
High-spectral-resolution attosecond absorption spectroscopy of autoionization in xenon Bernhardt, Birgitta; Beck, Annelise R.; Li, Xuan Physical Review A, Vol. 89, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023408	journal	February 2014
Nuclear-motion effects in attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy of molecules Bækhøj, Jens E.; Yue, Lun; Madsen, Lars Bojer Physical Review A, Vol. 91, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.91.043408	journal	April 2015
Light-induced structures in attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy of molecules Bækhøj, Jens E.; Madsen, Lars Bojer Physical Review A, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.023407	journal	August 2015
Polarization control of absorption of virtual dressed states in helium Reduzzi, Maurizio; Hummert, Johan; Dubrouil, Antoine Physical Review A, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.033408	journal	September 2015
Attosecond transient absorption in dense gases: Exploring the interplay between resonant pulse propagation and laser-induced line-shape control Liao, Chen-Ting; Sandhu, Arvinder; Camp, Seth Physical Review A, Vol. 93, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033405	journal	March 2016
Signatures of self-modulation effects during pulse propagation in single-pulse absorption spectra He, Yu; Liu, Zuoye; Cui, Zuwen Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.99.053418	journal	May 2019
Attosecond Time-Resolved Autoionization of Argon Wang, He; Chini, Michael; Chen, Shouyuan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.143002	journal	October 2010
Extracting Phase and Amplitude Modifications of Laser-Coupled Fano Resonances Kaldun, Andreas; Ott, Christian; Blättermann, Alexander Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.103001	journal	March 2014
Beyond the Single-Atom Response in Absorption Line Shapes: Probing a Dense, Laser-Dressed Helium Gas with Attosecond Pulse Trains Liao, Chen-Ting; Sandhu, Arvinder; Camp, Seth Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.143002	journal	April 2015
Signatures of a Conical Intersection in Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Bækhøj, Jens E.; Lévêque, Camille; Madsen, Lars Bojer Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.023203	journal	July 2018
Real-Time Reconstruction of the Strong-Field-Driven Dipole Response Stooß, V.; Cavaletto, S. M.; Donsa, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 121, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.173005	journal	October 2018
Autoionizing Polaritons in Attosecond Atomic Ionization Harkema, N.; Cariker, C.; Lindroth, E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 127, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.023202	journal	July 2021
Resonant Perfect Absorption Yielded by Zero-Area Pulses He, Yu; Liu, Zuoye; Ott, Christian Physical Review Letters, Vol. 129, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.273201	journal	December 2022
Attosecond Real-Time Observation of Recolliding Electron Trajectories in Helium at Low Laser Intensities Heldt, Tobias; Dubois, Jonathan; Birk, Paul Physical Review Letters, Vol. 130, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.183201	journal	May 2023
Observation of the Formation of the 0 π Pulse Rothenberg, Joshua E.; Grischkowsky, D.; Balant, A. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.552	journal	August 1984
Strong-field-gated buildup of a Rydberg series Stooß, Veit; Birk, Paul; Blättermann, Alexander Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.032041	journal	August 2020
Local enhancement in transient absorption spectroscopy by gating the resonance in the time domain He, Yu; Ott, Christian; Pfeifer, Thomas Physical Review Research, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.013103	journal	January 2024
Analytical Descriptions of Ultrashort Optical Pulse Propagation in a Resonant Medium Lamb, G. L. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.43.99	journal	April 1971
Attosecond physics Krausz, Ferenc; Ivanov, Misha Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.81.163	journal	February 2009
Lorentz Meets Fano in Spectral Line Shapes: A Universal Phase and Its Laser Control Ott, C.; Kaldun, A.; Raith, P. Science, Vol. 340, Issue 6133 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1234407	journal	May 2013
Observing the ultrafast buildup of a Fano resonance in the time domain Kaldun, A.; Blättermann, A.; Stooß, V. Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6313 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6972	journal	November 2016
Direct mapping of curve-crossing dynamics in IBr by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy Kobayashi, Yuki; Chang, Kristina F.; Zeng, Tao Science, Vol. 365, Issue 6448 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0076	journal	July 2019
Femtosecond symmetry breaking and coherent relaxation of methane cations via x-ray spectroscopy Ridente, Enrico; Hait, Diptarka; Haugen, Eric A. Science, Vol. 380, Issue 6646 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg4421	journal	May 2023
Attosecond Science: Recent Highlights and Future Trends Gallmann, Lukas; Cirelli, Claudio; Keller, Ursula Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 63, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physchem-032511-143702	journal	May 2012
0π pulse propagation in the extreme sharp-line limit Matusovsky, M.; Vaynberg, B.; Rosenbluh, M. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 13, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.13.001994	journal	September 1996
Nonlinear propagation effects in high harmonic generation in reflection and transmission from gallium arsenide Xia, Peiyu; Kim, Changsu; Lu, Faming Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.029393	journal	January 2018
Mapping time-dependent quasi-energies of laser dressed helium Xu, Huiyao; Cao, Wei; Zhang, Jie Optics Express, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.422632	journal	March 2021
In situ characterization of few-cycle laser pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy Blättermann, Alexander; Ott, Christian; Kaldun, Andreas Optics Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.40.003464	journal	January 2015
Kramers–Kronig relation in attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy Leshchenko, Vyacheslav; Hageman, Stephen J.; Cariker, Coleman Optica, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.474960	journal	January 2023
Few-femtosecond soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy with tuneable DUV-Vis pump pulses Lee, Jacob P.; Avni, Timur; Alexander, Oliver Optica, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.530964	journal	September 2024
Real-time observation of electronic, vibrational, and rotational dynamics in nitric oxide with attosecond soft x-ray pulses at 400 eV Saito, Nariyuki; Sannohe, Hiroki; Ishii, Nobuhisa Optica, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.001542	journal	January 2019
Observation of Refractive Index Line Shape in Ultrafast XUV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Sun, Mingze; Jiang, Zixiang; Fu, Yong Ultrafast Science, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.34133/ultrafastscience.0029	journal	January 2023

Similar Records

Local enhancement in transient absorption spectroscopy by gating the resonance in the time domain

Journal Article · Thu Jan 25 19:00:00 EST 2024 · Physical Review Research · OSTI ID:2282900

Controlling laser-dressed resonance line shape using attosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulse with a spectral minimum

Journal Article · Tue Jan 02 19:00:00 EST 2024 · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · OSTI ID:2471908

Generation of Neutron Airy Beams

Journal Article · Wed Apr 16 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:2558164

Resonant propagation of extreme-ultraviolet pulses through strongly driven high-density media

Citation Formats

References (60)

Similar Records

Related Subjects