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Nondestructive Analysis of Commercial Batteries

Journal Article · · Chemical Reviews
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [1];  [1];  [7];  [1];  [8];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [3];  [11];  [11]
  1. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
  2. Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao (China)
  3. Xiamen University (China)
  4. United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain (United Arab Emirates)
  5. Westlake University, Hangzhou (China)
  6. Henry M. Gunn High School, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
  7. Birchwood High School, Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire (United Kingdom)
  8. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
  9. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
  10. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)
  11. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); University of Chicago, IL (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Electrochemical batteries play a crucial role for powering portable electronics, electric vehicles, large-scale electric grids, and future electric aircraft. However, key performance metrics such as energy density, charging speed, lifespan, and safety raise significant consumer concerns. Enhancing battery performance hinges on a deep understanding of their operational and degradation mechanisms, from material composition and electrode structure to large-scale pack integration, necessitating advanced characterization methods. These methods not only enable improved battery performance but also facilitate early detection of substandard or potentially hazardous batteries before they cause serious incidents. Here, this review comprehensively examines the operational principles, applications, challenges, and prospects of cutting-edge characterization techniques for commercial batteries, with a specific focus on in situ and operando methodologies. Furthermore, it explores how these powerful tools have elucidated the operational and degradation mechanisms of commercial batteries. By bridging the gap between advanced characterization techniques and commercial battery technologies, this review aims to guide the design of more sophisticated experiments and models for studying battery degradation and enhancement.
Research Organization:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; SC0012704
OSTI ID:
2549231
Report Number(s):
BNL--227970-2025-JAAM
Journal Information:
Chemical Reviews, Journal Name: Chemical Reviews Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 125; ISSN 0009-2665
Publisher:
American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Study of the influence of mechanical pressure on the performance and aging of Lithium-ion battery cells journal November 2019
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Mechanistic investigation of silicon-graphite/LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 commercial cells for non-intrusive diagnosis and prognosis journal May 2020
Correlative acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to investigate gas-induced delamination in lithium-ion pouch cells during thermal runaway journal September 2020
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Revealing causes of macroscale heterogeneity in lithium ion pouch cells via synchrotron X-ray diffraction journal September 2021
In-situ X-ray tomographic imaging study of gas and structural evolution in a commercial Li-ion pouch cell journal February 2022
Mechanistic modeling of Li plating in lithium-ion batteries journal February 2022
Determination of degradation modes of lithium-ion batteries considering aging-induced changes in the half-cell open-circuit potential curve of silicon–graphite journal June 2022
Non-destructive observation of plated lithium distribution in a large-scale automobile Li-ion battery using synchrotron X-ray diffraction journal July 2022
Avoiding thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries using ultrasound detection of early failure mechanisms journal July 2022
Emerging chemical heterogeneities in a commercial 18650 NCA Li-ion battery during early cycling revealed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction tomography journal August 2022
Inhomogeneous degradation induced by lithium plating in a large-format lithium-ion battery journal September 2022
Correlative electrochemical acoustic time-of-flight spectroscopy and X-ray imaging to monitor the performance of single-crystal and polycrystalline NMC811/Gr lithium-ion batteries journal September 2022
A robust ultrasonic characterization methodology for lithium-ion batteries on frequency-domain damping analysis journal November 2022
Potential of ultrasonic time-of-flight and amplitude as the measurement for state of charge and physical changings of lithium-ion batteries journal November 2022
Ultrasonic nondestructive diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries with multiple frequencies journal November 2022
Arrhenius plots for Li-ion battery ageing as a function of temperature, C-rate, and ageing state – An experimental study journal November 2022
Nondestructive diagnostics and quantification of battery aging under different degradation paths journal February 2023
Ultrasonic diagnosis of the nonlinear aging characteristics of lithium-ion battery under high-rate discharge conditions journal May 2023
Ultrasonic guided waves as an indicator for the state-of-charge of Li-ion batteries journal August 2023
In situ tomography of lithium-ion battery cells enabled by scanning acoustic imaging journal October 2023
Operando monitoring of internal gas pressure in commercial lithium-ion batteries via a MEMS-assisted fiber-optic interferometer journal October 2023
State estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on the initial rise time feature of ultrasonic signals journal October 2023
Ultrasonic inspection of lithium-ion pouch cells subjected to localized thermal abuse journal November 2023
A review of ultrasonic monitoring: Assessing current approaches to Li-ion battery monitoring and their relevance to thermal runaway journal January 2024
Examining the effects of silicon based additives on the long-term cycling capabilities of cylindrical cells journal January 2024
Temperature-driven path dependence in Li-ion battery cyclic aging journal February 2024
Observation of preferential sputtering of Si/graphite anodes from Li-ion cells by GD-OES and its validation by neutron depth profiling journal February 2024
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Zn/MnO2 battery chemistry with dissolution-deposition mechanism journal June 2020
Correlative full field X-ray compton scattering imaging and X-ray computed tomography for in situ observation of Li ion batteries journal January 2023
Toxicity, a serious concern of thermal runaway from commercial Li-ion battery journal September 2016
Insights of the anionic redox in P2–Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 journal December 2020
Unveiling decaying mechanism through quantitative structure-activity relationship in electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries journal May 2021
Targeted masking enables stable cycling of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 at 4.6V journal June 2022
Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering technique for battery electrode study journal March 2024
The NOMAD instrument neutron detector array at the SNS
  • Beal, J. D.; Berry, K. D.; Riedel, R. A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 1018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165851
journal December 2021
A comparison of methodologies for the non-invasive characterisation of commercial Li-ion cells journal May 2019
Lithium Plating Mechanism, Detection, and Mitigation in Lithium-Ion Batteries journal November 2021
Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymer as solid-state electrolyte and separator in lithium-ion battery journal September 2016
Progress in focal plane array technologies journal March 2012
Theory and calculations of X-ray spectra: XAS, XES, XRS, and NRIXS journal November 2006
Data-driven health estimation and lifetime prediction of lithium-ion batteries: A review journal October 2019
Internal short circuit mechanisms, experimental approaches and detection methods of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: A review journal May 2021
Development of a method for direct elemental analysis of lithium ion battery degradation products by means of total reflection X-ray fluorescence journal October 2015
Accelerated aging of lithium-ion batteries: bridging battery aging analysis and operational lifetime prediction journal December 2023
Infrared thermography-based condition monitoring of solar photovoltaic systems: A mini review of recent advances journal July 2021
Gas evolution characterization and phase transformation during thermal treatment of cathode plates from spent LiFePO4 batteries journal February 2020
Ultrasonic characterization of multi-layered porous lithium-ion battery structure for state of charge journal September 2023
In Operando Acoustic Detection of Lithium Metal Plating in Commercial LiCoO2/Graphite Pouch Cells journal April 2020
Prevention of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway using polymer-substrate current collectors journal March 2021
The role of structural defects in commercial lithium-ion batteries journal September 2021
Benign-to-malignant transition in external short circuiting of lithium-ion batteries journal June 2022
Electrochemical profiling method for diagnosis of inhomogeneous reactions in lithium-ion batteries journal April 2023
Ultrasonic phased array imaging of gas evolution in a lithium-ion battery journal September 2023
Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Storage Mechanism, Electrochemistry, and Techno-economics journal January 2023
Nontraditional Approaches To Enable High-Energy and Long-Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries journal September 2023
Operando Tracking of Solution-Phase Concentration Profiles in Li-Ion Battery Positive Electrodes Using X-ray Fluorescence journal July 2020
Location-Dependent Cobalt Deposition in Smartphone Cells upon Long-Term Fast-Charging Visualized by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence journal August 2021
Unveiling the Liquid Electrolyte Solvation Structure by Small Angle X-ray Scattering journal December 2023
Elucidating the Relationship between Quality Control of the Coating Layer and Suppression of Gas Evolution in Li-Ion Batteries journal December 2023
Operando Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Phase Transitions Driven by Nonuniform Cathode Lithiation in Li-Ion Pouch Cells journal November 2023
Direct Observation of the Interfacial Instability of the Fast Ionic Conductor Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 at the Lithium Metal Anode journal March 2016
Materials’ Methods: NMR in Battery Research journal November 2016
Surface Modification for Suppressing Interfacial Parasitic Reactions of a Nickel-Rich Lithium-Ion Cathode journal March 2019
Reaction Mechanisms for Long-Life Rechargeable Zn/MnO 2 Batteries journal June 2018
Phase Evolution and Intermittent Disorder in Electrochemically Lithiated Graphite Determined Using in Operando Neutron Diffraction journal February 2020
Accurate Visualization of Operating Commercial Batteries Using Specialized Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Magnetic Field Sensing journal February 2020
Interfaces and Interphases in All-Solid-State Batteries with Inorganic Solid Electrolytes journal June 2020
From Materials to Cell: State-of-the-Art and Prospective Technologies for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Processing journal October 2021
In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis journal January 2024
Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques for Studying Materials Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Batteries journal September 2017
Before Li Ion Batteries journal November 2018
Brillouin Light Scattering: Applications in Biomedical Sciences journal May 2019
Approaching Practically Accessible Solid-State Batteries: Stability Issues Related to Solid Electrolytes and Interfaces journal November 2019
Research Development on K-Ion Batteries journal January 2020
Surface-Scan MRI Diagnostics of Li-Ion Cells: Boosting the Sensitivity with High-Performance Unilateral RF Sensors journal December 2022
Volume Changes of Graphite Anodes Revisited: A Combined Operando X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Pressure Analysis Study journal April 2018
Could Irradiation Introduce Oxidized Oxygen Signals in Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Battery Electrodes? journal January 2021
Identifying Active Sites for Parasitic Reactions at the Cathode–Electrolyte Interface journal January 2019
Uniformity of Flat Li-Ion Batteries Studied by Diffraction and Imaging of X-rays and Neutrons journal April 2021
Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation: Measuring Rapid Loss of Active Silicon in Silicon–Graphite Composite Electrodes journal November 2022
Degradation Mechanism Study and Safety Hazard Analysis of Overdischarge on Commercialized Lithium-ion Batteries journal December 2020
Understanding Degradation at the Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode/Electrolyte Interface: Connecting Transition-Metal Dissolution Mechanisms to Electrolyte Composition journal March 2021
Insights of the Electrochemical Reversibility of P2-Type Sodium Manganese Oxide Cathodes via Modulation of Transition Metal Vacancies journal August 2021
In Situ Ultrasound Acoustic Measurement of the Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Drying Process journal July 2021
Effective Ultrasound Acoustic Measurement to Monitor the Lithium-Ion Battery Electrode Drying Process with Various Coating Thicknesses journal December 2021
Precise State-of-Charge Mapping via Deep Learning on Ultrasonic Transmission Signals for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal February 2023
Critical Contribution of Imbalanced Charge Loss to Performance Deterioration of Si-Based Lithium-Ion Cells during Calendar Aging journal October 2023
Kinetic Study of Parasitic Reactions in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Case Study on LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 journal January 2016
Mechanistic Study of Electrolyte Additives to Stabilize High-Voltage Cathode–Electrolyte Interface in Lithium-Ion Batteries journal December 2017
Quantifying Reaction and Rate Heterogeneity in Battery Electrodes in 3D through Operando X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography journal April 2019
Operando 2D Acoustic Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Spatial Dynamics journal July 2021
Degradation and Speciation of Li Salts during XPS Analysis for Battery Research journal September 2022
Lifetime Prediction of Lithium Ion Batteries by Using the Heterogeneity of Graphite Anodes journal June 2023
Operando Pulse Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry for Nondestructive and Long-Term Gas Analysis in Practical Lithium-Ion Pouch Batteries journal July 2024
Probing Multiscale Transport and Inhomogeneity in a Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell Using In Situ Neutron Methods journal October 2016
Correlating Morphological Evolution of Li Electrodes with Degrading Electrochemical Performance of Li/LiCoO 2 and Li/S Battery Systems: Investigated by Synchrotron X-ray Phase Contrast Tomography journal January 2018
In Operando Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Investigation of Nanostructured Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal June 2018
Performance Metrics Required of Next-Generation Batteries to Electrify Commercial Aircraft journal February 2020
Transition Metal Dissolution Mechanisms and Impacts on Electronic Conductivity in Composite LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Films journal November 2022
3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging journal June 2021
Solvation Structure of Methanol-in-Salt Electrolyte Revealed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Simulations journal February 2024
Nanostructured Layered Cathode for Rechargeable Mg-Ion Batteries journal July 2015
Rate-Dependent, Li-Ion Insertion/Deinsertion Behavior of LiFePO 4 Cathodes in Commercial 18650 LiFePO 4 Cells journal February 2014
Evolution of Strategies for Modern Rechargeable Batteries journal June 2012
Scanning X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Study of Lithium Insertion into Copper Based Oxysulfides for Li-Ion Batteries journal July 2012
Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries: Evolving Structures Measured In situ by Neutron Reflectometry journal May 2012
NMR Studies of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries journal October 2004
Aprotic and Aqueous Li–O2 Batteries journal April 2014
Research Development on Sodium-Ion Batteries journal October 2014
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering of Polymers journal June 2001
Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrolytes: A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries journal May 2014
In Situ Observation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation in Ordered Mesoporous Hard Carbon by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering journal March 2012
Visualization of anisotropic-isotropic phase transformation dynamics in battery electrode particles journal August 2016
High rate and stable cycling of lithium metal anode journal February 2015
In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway journal April 2015
State-of-the-art characterization techniques for advanced lithium-ion batteries journal March 2017
In situ NMR observation of the formation of metallic lithium microstructures in lithium batteries journal May 2010
Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries journal October 2012
Anomalous nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering journal August 2015
In situ/operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques for lithium-ion battery research journal July 2018
Rechargeable lithium-ion cell state of charge and defect detection by in-situ inside-out magnetic resonance imaging journal May 2018
4D imaging of lithium-batteries using correlative neutron and X-ray tomography with a virtual unrolling technique journal February 2020
The stability of P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides in ambient atmospheres journal July 2020
Inhibition of transition metals dissolution in cobalt-free cathode with ultrathin robust interphase in concentrated electrolyte journal July 2020
Mutual modulation between surface chemistry and bulk microstructure within secondary particles of nickel-rich layered oxides journal September 2020
In situ observation of thermal-driven degradation and safety concerns of lithiated graphite anode journal July 2021
Engineering Na+-layer spacings to stabilize Mn-based layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries journal August 2021
Native lattice strain induced structural earthquake in sodium layered oxide cathodes journal January 2022
A non-academic perspective on the future of lithium-based batteries journal January 2023
SEI growth on Lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries quantified with coulometric titration time analysis journal October 2023
Current status and challenges for automotive battery production technologies journal April 2018
Efficient thermal management of Li-ion batteries with a passive interfacial thermal regulator based on a shape memory alloy journal October 2018
Data-driven prediction of battery cycle life before capacity degradation journal March 2019
Benchmarking the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries journal March 2020
Current status and future directions of multivalent metal-ion batteries journal July 2020
Diagnosing and correcting anode-free cell failure via electrolyte and morphological analysis journal August 2020
Realizing high zinc reversibility in rechargeable batteries journal August 2020
Balancing interfacial reactions to achieve long cycle life in high-energy lithium metal batteries journal June 2021
Calendar aging of silicon-containing batteries journal September 2021
Origin and regulation of oxygen redox instability in high-voltage battery cathodes journal June 2022
High-throughput Li plating quantification for fast-charging battery design journal February 2023
Growing single-crystalline seeds on lithiophobic substrates to enable fast-charging lithium-metal batteries journal February 2023
Challenges in speeding up solid-state battery development journal February 2023
Visualizing plating-induced cracking in lithium-anode solid-electrolyte cells journal April 2021
Bridging the academic and industrial metrics for next-generation practical batteries journal February 2019
Visualizing the growth process of sodium microstructures in sodium batteries by in-situ 23Na MRI and NMR spectroscopy journal July 2020
Structural origin of the high-voltage instability of lithium cobalt oxide journal February 2021
Bridging nano- and microscale X-ray tomography for battery research by leveraging artificial intelligence journal April 2022
Fundamentals, status and promise of sodium-based batteries journal June 2021
Tomographic reconstruction of oxygen orbitals in lithium-rich battery materials journal June 2021
The challenges and opportunities of battery-powered flight journal January 2022
FAIR data enabling new horizons for materials research journal April 2022
Mapping internal temperatures during high-rate battery applications journal May 2023
Visualizing interfacial collective reaction behaviour of Li–S batteries journal September 2023
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of rechargeable pouch cell batteries: beating the skin depth by excitation and detection via the casing journal August 2020
In situ neutron imaging of lithium-ion batteries during heating to thermal runaway journal December 2023
Machine learning pipeline for battery state-of-health estimation journal April 2021
Best practices in lithium battery cell preparation and evaluation journal September 2022
X-ray computed tomography journal February 2021
Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering journal October 2021
Visualizing the chemistry and structure dynamics in lithium-ion batteries by in-situ neutron diffraction journal October 2012
Gas Evolution in Operating Lithium-Ion Batteries Studied In Situ by Neutron Imaging journal October 2015
Dynamical properties of X-ray Raman scattering journal January 2003
Real-time materials evolution visualized within intact cycling alkaline batteries journal January 2014
Probing electrode/electrolyte interfaces in situ by X-ray spectroscopies: old methods, new tricks journal January 2015
Designing high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries journal January 2016
Electrochemical-acoustic time of flight: in operando correlation of physical dynamics with battery charge and health journal January 2015
Transition metal dissolution and deposition in Li-ion batteries investigated by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy journal January 2016
Running out of lithium? A route to differentiate between capacity losses and active lithium losses in lithium-ion batteries journal January 2017
Characterising thermal runaway within lithium-ion cells by inducing and monitoring internal short circuits journal January 2017
Dissolution, migration, and deposition of transition metal ions in Li-ion batteries exemplified by Mn-based cathodes – a critical review journal January 2018
A review of gassing behavior in Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -based lithium ion batteries journal January 2017
Lithium insertion into silicon electrodes studied by cyclic voltammetry and operando neutron reflectometry journal January 2018
Quantifying lithium concentration gradients in the graphite electrode of Li-ion cells using operando energy dispersive X-ray diffraction journal January 2019
Multiorbital bond formation for stable oxygen-redox reaction in battery electrodes journal January 2020
Virtual unrolling of spirally-wound lithium-ion cells for correlative degradation studies and predictive fault detection journal January 2019
Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) for operando materials characterization within batteries journal January 2020
In situ X-ray spatial profiling reveals uneven compression of electrode assemblies and steep lateral gradients in lithium-ion coin cells journal January 2020
Advances in soft X-ray RIXS for studying redox reaction states in batteries journal January 2020
Li-rich cathodes for rechargeable Li-based batteries: reaction mechanisms and advanced characterization techniques journal January 2020
Unveiling the role of micropores in porous carbon for Li–S batteries using operando SAXS journal January 2021
Lithium ion battery degradation: what you need to know journal January 2021
Understanding multi-scale battery degradation with a macro-to-nano zoom through its hierarchy journal January 2021
Observation of memory effects associated with degradation of rechargeable lithium-ion cells using ultrafast surface-scan magnetic resonance imaging journal January 2021
Considerations in applying neutron depth profiling (NDP) to Li-ion battery research journal January 2022
Decoupling of the anode and cathode ultrasonic responses to the state of charge of a lithium-ion battery journal January 2023
Applications of advanced metrology for understanding the effects of drying temperature in the lithium-ion battery electrode manufacturing process journal January 2022
Bridging the gap between academic research and industrial development in advanced all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries journal January 2024
The origins of critical deformations in cylindrical silicon based Li-ion batteries journal January 2024
Evaluation of the influence of lithium-ion battery composition on thermal power generation journal January 2024
High temperature sodium batteries: status, challenges and future trends journal January 2013
In situ strain profiling of elastoplastic bending in Ti–6Al–4V alloy by synchrotron energy dispersive x-ray diffraction journal May 2009
Non-destructive measurement of in-operando lithium concentration in batteries via x-ray Compton scattering journal January 2016
Real-time measurement of lithium-ion batteries’ state-of-charge based on air-coupled ultrasound journal August 2019
Non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy: A momentum probe to detect the electronic structures of atoms and molecules journal September 2020
Redox oscillations in 18650-type lithium-ion cell revealed by in operando Compton scattering imaging journal April 2021
100 years of Brillouin scattering: Historical and future perspectives journal November 2022
Second harmonic generation for estimating state of charge of lithium-ion batteries journal February 2024
Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells journal August 2019
In situ small-angle X-ray scattering reveals solution phase discharge of Li–O 2 batteries with weakly solvating electrolytes journal March 2021
Newton's law of cooling journal May 1999
Hard X-ray Imaging at ESRF: Exploiting Contrast and Coherence with the New EBS Storage Ring journal June 2020
X-Ray Scattering Methods for the Study of Polymer Interfaces journal January 1993
Ultrasonic inspection of pouch-type lithium-ion batteries: a review journal February 2024
Brillouin scattering of phonons in complex materials journal January 2018
Phonon spectroscopy by inelastic x-ray scattering journal January 2000
Newton's law of cooling revisited journal July 2009
A 700 W⋅h⋅kg−1 Rechargeable Pouch Type Lithium Battery journal March 2023
Interfacial reactions in lithium batteries journal June 2017
Rechargeable Zn–MnO 2 batteries: advances, challenges and perspectives journal January 2020
Neutron-based characterization techniques for lithium-ion battery research journal January 2020
Recent advances in acoustic diagnostics for electrochemical power systems journal June 2021
Elementary Scattering Theory: For X-ray and Neutron Users book January 2011
A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-rays by Light Elements journal May 1923
Compton Scattering of X Rays from Bound Electrons journal August 1970
X-ray and neutron scattering from rough surfaces journal August 1988
Theory of Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering by Collective Magnetic Excitations journal October 2010
Selective Probing of the OH or OD Stretch Vibration in Liquid Water Using Resonant Inelastic Soft-X-Ray Scattering journal November 2013
Stimulated Electronic X-Ray Raman Scattering journal December 2013
Coherent X-Ray Raman Spectroscopy: A Nonlinear Local Probe for Electronic Excitations journal July 2002
Early development of neutron scattering journal October 1995
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra for electrons in solids journal February 2001
Inelastic x-ray scattering by electronic excitations under high pressure journal March 2010
Lattice parameters, densities, expansion coefficients and perfection of structure of Cu and of Cu–In α phase journal November 1969
A custom battery for operando neutron powder diffraction studies of electrode structure journal January 2015
Interlaced X-ray diffraction computed tomography journal March 2016
Best practices for operando depth-resolving battery experiments journal February 2020
Compton scattering imaging of a working battery using synchrotron high-energy X-rays journal January 2015
In operando quantitation of Li concentration for a commercial Li-ion rechargeable battery using high-energy X-ray Compton scattering journal August 2017
X-ray Raman spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery electrolyte solutions in a flow cell journal February 2018
Direct cross-sectional imaging using X-ray Compton scattering: application to commercial batteries journal June 2021
The Explosive Nature of Tab Burrs in Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2019
State Estimation Approach of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Simplified Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement journal January 2019
Reliability of Cylindrical Li-ion Battery Safety Vents journal January 2020
Health monitoring of lithium-ion batteries conference October 2013
Fault Warning and Location in Battery Energy Storage Systems via Venting Acoustic Signal journal February 2023
Lifetime Estimation of the Nanophosphate $\hbox{LiFePO}_{4}\hbox{/C}$ Battery Chemistry Used in Fully Electric Vehicles journal July 2015
An Ultrasonic Reflected Wave-Based Method for Estimating State of Charge of Hard-Shell Lithium-Ion Batteries journal January 2024
A Reduced-Order Electrochemical Model of Li-Ion Batteries for Control and Estimation Applications journal January 2018
Stress Gradient Induced Strain Localization in Metals: High Resolution Strain Cross Sectioning via Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction journal March 2008
Perspective on State-of-Health Determination in Lithium-Ion Batteries journal March 2020
Analysis of Gas Production in Overcharged Lithium Battery by X-Ray Computed Tomography journal December 2020
Research on Overdischarge Lithium-Ion Battery Based on X-Ray Computed Tomography journal December 2022
Infrared thermography non-destructive evaluation of lithium-ion battery conference June 2012
Visualizing redox orbitals and their potentials in advanced lithium-ion battery materials using high-resolution x-ray Compton scattering journal August 2017
Dissociate lattice oxygen redox reactions from capacity and voltage drops of battery electrodes journal February 2020
Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices journal November 2011
Reining in dissolved transition-metal ions journal July 2020
Past, present, and future of lead–acid batteries journal August 2020
How Neutrons Facilitate Research into Gas Turbines and Batteries from Development to Engineering Applications journal October 2020
X-Ray Tomography for Lithium Ion Battery Research: A Practical Guide journal July 2017
Effect of Bad Connection on Surface Temperature of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Infrared Thermography journal November 2018
Analysis of Vinylene Carbonate Derived SEI Layers on Graphite Anode journal January 2004
Primary Li∕SOCl[sub 2] Cells journal January 1979
Comparison of Metal Ion Dissolutions from Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes journal January 2006
Characterization of Electrode/Electrolyte Interface with X-Ray Reflectometry and Epitaxial-Film LiMn[sub 2]O[sub 4] Electrode journal January 2007
Precision Measurements of the Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium-Ion Batteries and of Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries journal January 2010
A Critical Review of Thermal Issues in Lithium-Ion Batteries journal January 2011
A High Precision Coulometry Study of the SEI Growth in Li/Graphite Cells journal January 2011
Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in LFP Pouch Cell Battery journal January 2011
Interpreting High Precision Coulometry Results on Li-ion Cells journal January 2011
Revisiting the Mechanism Behind Transition-Metal Dissolution from Delithiated LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 (NMC) Cathodes journal January 2020
Operando Acoustic Monitoring of SEI Formation and Long-Term Cycling in NMC/SiGr Composite Pouch Cells journal January 2020
In Situ XRD Studies During Synthesis of Single-Crystal LiNiO 2 , LiNi 0.975 Mg 0.025 O 2 , and LiNi 0.95 Al 0.05 O 2 Cathode Materials journal May 2020
The Development of Jelly Roll Deformation in 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries at Low State of Charge journal August 2020
Identifying Defects in Li-Ion Cells Using Ultrasound Acoustic Measurements journal September 2020
Scanning Micro X-ray Fluorescence (μXRF) as an Effective Tool in Quantifying Fe Dissolution in LiFePO 4 Cells: Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of Fe Dissolution journal October 2020
Editors’ Choice—4D Neutron and X-ray Tomography Studies of High Energy Density Primary Batteries: Part I. Dynamic Studies of LiSOCl2 during Discharge journal October 2020
Simultaneous Monitoring of Structural Changes and Phase Distribution of LiFePO4 Along the Cathode Thickness of Li Metal Polymer Battery journal December 2020
Methodologies for Large-Size Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries End-of-Life Gateway Detection in the Second-Life Application journal December 2020
Review—Lithium Plating Detection Methods in Li-Ion Batteries journal December 2020
An Initial Exploration of Coupled Transient Mechanical and Electrochemical Behaviors in Lithium Ion Batteries journal July 2021
Time-Resolved X-ray Operando Observations of Lithiation Gradients across the Cathode Matrix and Individual Oxide Particles during Fast Cycling of a Li-Ion Cell journal November 2021
Methods—Spatially Resolved Diffraction Study of the Uniformity of a Li-Ion Pouch Cell journal March 2022
Evaluating the Manufacturing Quality of Lithium Ion Pouch Batteries journal April 2022
Operando Ultrasonic Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Battery Temperature and Behaviour at Different Cycling Rates and under Drive Cycle Conditions journal April 2022
Review—“Knees” in Lithium-Ion Battery Aging Trajectories journal June 2022
Long-Term Study on the Impact of Depth of Discharge, C-Rate, Voltage, and Temperature on the Lifetime of Single-Crystal NMC811/Artificial Graphite Pouch Cells journal October 2022
Deformation from Formation Until End of Life: Micro X-ray Computed Tomography of Silicon Alloy Containing 18650 Li-Ion Cells journal March 2023
Impact of Sodium Metal Plating on Cycling Performance of Layered Oxide/Hard Carbon Sodium-ion Pouch Cells with Different Voltage Cut-offs journal July 2023
Tracking the Lifecycle of a 21700 Cell: A 4D Tomography and Digital Disassembly Study journal September 2023
Ultrasonic Nondestructive Diagnosis of Cylindrical Batteries Under Various Charging Rates journal February 2024
Understanding and Enhancing Silicon Nanoparticle Distribution during Electrode Processing journal May 2024
High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries journal January 2016
Detection of Internal Defects in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Lock-in Thermography journal January 2015
Neutron Reflectometry to Measure In Situ Li Permeation through Ultrathin Silicon Layers and Interfaces journal January 2015
Improving Precision and Accuracy in Coulombic Efficiency Measurements of Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2013
Special Synergy between Electrolyte Additives and Positive Electrode Surface Coating to Enhance the Performance of Li[Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 ]O 2 /Graphite Cells journal January 2016
In Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) on Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2015
Neutron Tomography and Radiography on a Sodium Metal Halide Cell under Operating Conditions journal January 2016
The Impact of Varying the Concentration of Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive in Wound Li-Ion Cells journal January 2011
Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes journal November 2015
Influence of the Memory Effect on X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Raman Scattering in Positive Electrode of Ni-MH Batteries journal January 2012
An Analysis of Artificial and Natural Graphite in Lithium Ion Pouch Cells Using Ultra-High Precision Coulometry, Isothermal Microcalorimetry, Gas Evolution, Long Term Cycling and Pressure Measurements journal January 2017
Comparative Study on Methylene Methyl Disulfonate (MMDS) and 1,3-Propane Sultone (PS) as Electrolyte Additives for Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2014
Geometrical Inhomogeneities as Cause of Mechanical Failure in Commercial 18650 Lithium Ion Cells journal January 2019
A Systematic Study of the Concentration of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) as a Salt for LiCoO 2 /Graphite Pouch Cells journal January 2014
Understanding Li-Ion Battery Anode Degradation and Pore Morphological Changes through Nano-Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography journal January 2016
Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery State of Health Evaluation by Differential Heat Analysis During Calendar Ageing journal January 2019
X-Ray Diffraction Computed Tomography for Structural Analysis of Electrode Materials in Batteries journal January 2015
Dynamic Lithium Intercalation/Deintercalation in 18650 Lithium Ion Battery by Time-Resolved High Energy Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction journal January 2015
Potential Dependence of Gas Evolution in 18650 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Using In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy journal January 2018
Studies of the Effect of Varying Prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone Content in Lithium Ion Pouch Cells journal January 2014
Fatigue Process in Li-Ion Cells: An In Situ Combined Neutron Diffraction and Electrochemical Study journal January 2012
Degradation Mechanisms of the Graphite Electrode in C 6 /LiFePO 4 Batteries Unraveled by a Non-Destructive Approach journal January 2016
Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway and Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Modules journal January 2015
A Survey of In Situ Gas Evolution during High Voltage Formation in Li-Ion Pouch Cells journal January 2015
Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell journal January 2018
Linear and Nonlinear Aging of Lithium-Ion Cells Investigated by Electrochemical Analysis and In-Situ Neutron Diffraction journal January 2019
Quantifying the Distribution of Electrolyte Decomposition Products in Silicon-Graphite Electrodes by Neutron Depth Profiling journal January 2018
State of Charge and State of Health Estimation Using Electrochemical Acoustic Time of Flight Analysis journal January 2017
Impact of Electrolyte Additive Content on the Lifetime of LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 O 2 /Artificial and Natural Graphite Cells journal January 2017
Neutron reflectometry analysis of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /organic electrolyte interfaces: characterization of surface structure changes and lithium intercalation properties journal September 2016
Rechargeable lithium batteries and beyond: Progress, challenges, and future directions journal May 2014
In situ analysis of gas evolution in liquid- and solid-electrolyte-based batteries with current and next-generation cathode materials journal May 2022
X-ray fluorescence mapping: Insights into mesoscale structure impact on battery functional electrochemistry journal November 2021
Ultrasonic Tomography Study of Metal Defect Detection in Lithium-Ion Battery journal December 2021
Application of machine learning in ultrasonic diagnostics for prismatic lithium-ion battery degradation evaluation journal March 2024
Identifying the Degradation Mechanism in Commercial Lithium Rechargeable Batteries via High-Energy X-ray Compton Scattering Imaging journal August 2020
Latest Advances in Common Signal Processing of Pulsed Thermography for Enhanced Detectability: A Review journal December 2021
Intact, Commercial Lithium-Polymer Batteries: Spatially Resolved Grating-Based Interferometry Imaging, Bragg Edge Imaging, and Neutron Diffraction journal January 2022
Application of Infrared Thermography in E-Bike Battery Pack Detail Analysis—Case Study journal March 2022
Heterogeneity of Lithium Distribution in the Graphite Anode of 21700-Type Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells during Degradation journal February 2024
Influence of Pressure, Temperature and Discharge Rate on the Electrical Performances of a Commercial Pouch Li-Ion Battery journal February 2024
Characterising Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation through the Identification and Tracking of Electrochemical Battery Model Parameters journal April 2016
Modelling Lithium-Ion Battery Ageing in Electric Vehicle Applications—Calendar and Cycling Ageing Combination Effects journal February 2020
Discrimination of Poor Electrode Junctions within Lithium-Ion Batteries by Ultrasonic Measurement and Deep Learning journal February 2022
Influence of Breathing and Swelling on the Jelly-Roll Case Gap of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Cells journal December 2022
Coating Defects of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes and Their Inline Detection and Tracking journal February 2023
How Cell Design Affects the Aging Behavior: Comparing Electrode-Individual Aging Processes of High-Energy and High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries Using High Precision Coulometry journal April 2023
Design, Properties, and Manufacturing of Cylindrical Li-Ion Battery Cells—A Generic Overview journal June 2023
State of Charge and Temperature Joint Estimation Based on Ultrasonic Reflection Waves for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications journal June 2023
Understanding High-Voltage Behavior of Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials Using Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Techniques: A Review journal September 2023
A Comprehensive Review on Raman Spectroscopy Applications journal September 2021
Dependency of the Charge–Discharge Rate on Lithium Reaction Distributions for a Commercial Lithium Coin Cell Visualized by Compton Scattering Imaging journal September 2018
Fingerprint Oxygen Redox Reactions in Batteries through High-Efficiency Mapping of Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering journal January 2019
High-Energy X-Ray Compton Scattering Imaging of 18650-Type Lithium-Ion Battery Cell journal July 2019
Identifying Redox Orbitals and Defects in Lithium-Ion Cathodes with Compton Scattering and Positron Annihilation Spectroscopies: A Review journal July 2022
Ultrasonic Health Monitoring of Lithium-Ion Batteries journal July 2019
Perspective on Commercial Li-ion Battery Testing, Best Practices for Simple and Effective Protocols journal January 2020
Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life journal April 2020
Study on the Homogeneity of Large-Size Blade Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Thermoelectric Coupling Model Simulation journal December 2022
Detection of Manufacturing Defects in Lithium-Ion Batteries-Analysis of the Potential of Computed Tomography Imaging journal October 2023
Infrared Thermography for Temperature Measurement and Non-Destructive Testing journal July 2014
Development and Application of Infrared Thermography Non-Destructive Testing Techniques journal July 2020
Fiber Optic Sensing Technologies for Battery Management Systems and Energy Storage Applications journal February 2021
A Review of Mechanical and Chemical Sensors for Automotive Li-Ion Battery Systems journal February 2022
Accelerated Life Testing Dataset for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Constant and Variable Loading Conditions journal December 2023
A Spatially-Resolved operando High-Energy Confocal X-ray Diffraction Method for Observing Non-Uniform Degradation Phenomena in a Practical Cylindrical Lithium-ion Battery journal March 2020
A Bicontinuous Nanostructure Induced in Lithiated Iron Fluoride Electrodes of Lithium-ion Batteries Investigated by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering journal July 2022
Surface Characterization of LiFePO4 Epitaxial Thin Films by X-ray/Neutron Reflectometry journal January 2010
Operando X-ray Fluorescence Imaging for Zinc-based Secondary Batteries journal January 2015

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