Changes in high-latitude surface energy balance driven by snowpack and vegetation dynamics under warmer climate

Journal Article · Tue Dec 17 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Environmental Research Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad98aa· OSTI ID:2545761

Mekonnen, Zelalem A. ^[1]; Riley, William J. ^[1]; Shirley, Ian A. ^[1]; Bouskill, Nicholas J. ^[1]; Grant, Robert F. ^[2]

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1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
2. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB (Canada)

With rapid climate warming, expected changes in snowpack and vegetation will alter the seasonal surface albedo of high-latitude ecosystems. The extent to which these albedo changes may affect surface energy balances and thus soil temperatures is uncertain, but represents a potentially important component of ecosystem feedbacks to climate change. Here, we apply a well-tested process-rich ecosystem model, ecosys, to examine changes in seasonal surface albedo and soil temperature driven by climate-induced snowpack and vegetation changes across Alaska under a warmer twenty-first century climate. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario, the modeled changes in surface albedo exhibited large seasonal and spatial variations. We found spring albedo decreases driven by increases in snow-free periods (>20 d) and an extended growing season length that resulted in greater gains in leaf area index (LAI) in most parts of Alaska. In contrast, we modeled increases in summer and winter albedo (despite modeled increases in LAI) across much of the boreal forest due to an increased proportion of aspen, which has a higher leaf albedo than the currently dominant black spruce. Modeled latent heat fluxes generally increase across the twenty-first century, particularly during the spring and summer. Overall, climate warming and changes in surface energy fluxes resulted in a 3.5 ± 0.50 °C increase in spatial- and annual-averaged top 10 cm surface soil temperatures across Alaskan ecosystems by the year 2100, with larger increases in tundra than boreal forest regions. We conclude that under warmer climates, seasonal variations in albedo and surface energy fluxes are particularly pronounced during the spring and summer, driven by changes in snowpack and vegetation dynamics.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231
• OSTI ID: 2545761
• Journal Information: Environmental Research Letters, Journal Name: Environmental Research Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 20; ISSN 1748-9326
• Publisher: IOP Publishing
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
high-latitude albedo
modeling vegetation change
snowpack dynamics
surface energy balance