Lithium‐Containing Hybrid SEI Layer Enabling High Mass Loading and Anode‐Less Sodium Metal Batteries

Xia, Li; Lin, Liang; Li, Jiantao; Zhang, Yinggan; Zheng, Hongfei; Chang, Xiaoqing; Liang, Jinding; Sa, Baisheng; Wang, Laisen; Lin, Jie; Peng, Dong‐Liang; Amine, Khalil; Xie, Qingshui

doi:10.1002/ange.202423090

Lithium‐Containing Hybrid SEI Layer Enabling High Mass Loading and Anode‐Less Sodium Metal Batteries

Journal Article · Mon Mar 31 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Angewandte Chemie

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202423090· OSTI ID:2545138

Xia, Li ^[1]; Lin, Liang ^[1]; Li, Jiantao ^[2]; Zhang, Yinggan ^[1]; Zheng, Hongfei ^[1]; Chang, Xiaoqing ^[1]; Liang, Jinding ^[3]; Sa, Baisheng ^[4]; Wang, Laisen ^[1]; Lin, Jie ^[1]; Peng, Dong‐Liang ^[1]; Amine, Khalil ^[5]; Xie, Qingshui ^[1]

State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd Ningde 352100 China
Multiscale Computational Materials Facility College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350100 China
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA

Abstract

The continuous rupturing and rebuilding of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during cycling would block Na ⁺ diffusion and induce Na dendrite formation, ultimately limiting the practical application of high‐energy‐density sodium metal batteries. Herein, a hybrid SEI layer containing Li‐species is dexterously constructed on the surface of sodium metal anode. Li‐containing inorganic components (Li ₃ N, LiF, and Li ₂ CO ₃ ) are introduced to stabilize the Na/electrolyte interface and enhance the mechanical and diffusion kinetic properties of the SEI layer, which can reduce the side reactions and gas generation, regulate Na ⁺ flux during cycling and promote rapid Na ⁺ migration for uniform dendrite‐free Na deposition. As a result, the constructed Na symmetric cells achieve low overpotential and long cycle life of 5900, 1800, and 500 h at current densities of 3, 10, and 30 mA cm ⁻² , respectively. Furthermore, the full cells paired with the Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode demonstrate high specific capacity and excellent cycle stability, even at an ultra‐high cathode loading of 39.3 mg cm ⁻² and a low N/P ratio (negative/positive electrode capacity ratio of 1.21).

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2545138

Journal Information:: Angewandte Chemie, Journal Name: Angewandte Chemie Journal Issue: 21 Vol. 137; ISSN 0044-8249

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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