Imaging Photonic Resonances within an All‐Dielectric Metasurface via Photoelectron Emission Microscopy

Kim, Andrew R.; Doiron, Chloe F.; Vega, Fernando J.; Yu, Jaeyeon; Boehm, Alex M.; Klesko, Joseph P.; Brener, Igal; Sarma, Raktim; Cerjan, Alexander; Ohta, Taisuke

doi:10.1002/adpr.202400223

Imaging Photonic Resonances within an All‐Dielectric Metasurface via Photoelectron Emission Microscopy

Journal Article · Fri Mar 21 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Advanced Photonics Research

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400223· OSTI ID:2536773

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Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd SE Albuquerque NM 87185 USA
Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd SE Albuquerque NM 87185 USA, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd SE Albuquerque NM 87185 USA
Sandia National Laboratories 1515 Eubank Blvd SE Albuquerque NM 87185 USA, School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University 585 Purdue Mall West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Dielectric metasurfaces, through volume‐type photonic resonances, enable precise control of light‐matter interactions for applications including imaging, holography, and sensing. The application space of dielectric metasurfaces has extended from infrared to visible wavelengths by incorporating high refractive index materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO ₂ ). Understanding the fundamental and fabrication limits for these applications requires metrology with nanoscale resolution, sensitivity to electromagnetic fields within the meta‐atom volume, and far‐field excitation. In this work, photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) is used to image field distributions of photonic resonances in a TiO ₂ metasurface excited with far‐field, visible‐wavelength illumination. The local volumetric field variations within the meta‐atoms are analyzed as a function of illumination angle and polarization by comparing photoelectron images to finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. This study determines the inelastic mean free path of very low‐energy (<1 eV) photoelectrons to be 35 ± 10 nm, which is comparable to the meta‐atom height thereby highlighting PEEM sensitivity to resonances within the volume. Additionally, the simulations reveal high sensitivity of PEEM images to an in‐plane component of the illumination k ‐vector. These results demonstrate that photoelectron imaging with subwavelength resolution offers unique advantages for examining light‐matter interactions in volume‐type (as opposed to surface) photonic modes within dielectric nanophotonic structures.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2536773

Journal Information:: Advanced Photonics Research, Journal Name: Advanced Photonics Research; ISSN 2699-9293

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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