Crystalline Organic Compounds as Effective Nuclei in Contact Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

McMillan, Kyle A.; Davis, Ryan D.; Tolbert, Margaret A.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.4c07566

Crystalline Organic Compounds as Effective Nuclei in Contact Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate

Journal Article · Tue Feb 25 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.4c07566· OSTI ID:2530822

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Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Contact nucleation is believed to play a role in liquid-to-solid phase transitions in the atmosphere including ice nucleation and salt efflorescence. Here, for this work, contact efflorescence of optically levitated ammonium sulfate droplets by collisions with organic particles is probed using a long working-distance optical trap. Two highly viscous water-soluble organic compounds (d-(+)-raffinose and citric acid), and two insoluble highly surface-active organic compounds (stearic acid and cis-pinonic acid) were probed for their ability to induce efflorescence upon contact. While three of the organics showed minimal effectiveness as contact nuclei, cis-pinonic acid showed a remarkable ability to initiate contact efflorescence of ammonium sulfate, occurring near ammonium sulfate’s deliquescence relative humidity. Further analysis of cis-pinonic acid using bright-field microscopy in an electrodynamic balance provided evidence that the cis-pinonic acid particles are crystalline under the laboratory conditions. We suggest that the close lattice match between crystalline ammonium sulfate and crystalline cis-pinonic acid may account for the observed effectiveness in initiating contact efflorescence of ammonium sulfate. In contrast, tests of contact nucleation between cis-pinonic acid and sodium chloride, a pair with a poor lattice match, did not result in efflorescence. These findings suggest that crystalline organic compounds in the atmosphere could act as effective nuclei for contact efflorescence of atmospherically relevant salts, provided they share a compatible lattice structure.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2530822

Report Number(s):: SAND--2025-02782J

Journal Information:: Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory, Journal Name: Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 129; ISSN 1089-5639

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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