Entanglement Witness for Indistinguishable Electrons Using Solid-State Spectroscopy

Liu, Tongtong; Xu, Luogen; Liu, Jiarui; Wang, Yao

doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011056

Entanglement Witness for Indistinguishable Electrons Using Solid-State Spectroscopy

Journal Article · Wed Mar 12 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Physical Review. X

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.011056· OSTI ID:2530671

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Characterizing entanglement in quantum materials is crucial for advancing next-generation quantum technologies. Despite recent strides in witnessing entanglement in magnetic materials with distinguishable spin modes, quantifying entanglement in systems formed by indistinguishable electrons remains a formidable challenge. To solve this problem, we introduce a method to extract various four-fermion correlations by analyzing the nonlinearity in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra. These correlations constitute the primary components of the cumulant two-particle reduced density matrix. We further derive bounds for its eigenvalues and demonstrate the linear scaling with fermionic entanglement depth, providing a reliable witness for entanglement. Using the material-relevant strongly correlated models as examples, we show how this entanglement witness can efficiently quantify multipartite entanglement across different phase regions, highlighting its advantage over quantum Fisher information.

Published by the American Physical Society 2025

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0024524

OSTI ID:: 2530671

Journal Information:: Physical Review. X, Journal Name: Physical Review. X Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN PRXHAE; ISSN 2160-3308

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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