Infection and Genomic Properties of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Cellulophaga Phages

Howard-Varona, Cristina; Solonenko, Natalie E.; Burris, Marie; Urvoy, Marion; Sanderson, Courtney M.; Bolduc, Bejamin; Sullivan, Matthew B.

doi:10.3390/v17030365

Infection and Genomic Properties of Single- and Double-Stranded DNA Cellulophaga Phages

Journal Article · Sun Mar 02 23:00:00 EST 2025 · Viruses

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030365· OSTI ID:2526315

; Solonenko, Natalie E.; Burris, Marie; ; Sanderson, Courtney M.; Bolduc, Bejamin;

Bacterial viruses (phages) are abundant and ecologically impactful, but laboratory-based experimental model systems vastly under-represent known phage diversity, particularly for ssDNA phages. Here, we characterize the genomes and infection properties of two unrelated marine flavophages—ssDNA generalist phage phi18:4 (6.5 Kbp) and dsDNA specialist phage phi18:1 (39.2 Kbp)—when infecting the same Cellulophaga baltica strain #18 (Cba18), of the class Flavobacteriia. Phage phi18:4 belongs to a new family of ssDNA phages, has an internal lipid membrane, and its genome encodes primarily structural proteins, as well as a DNA replication protein common to ssDNA phages and a unique lysis protein. Phage phi18:1 is a siphovirus that encodes several virulence genes, despite not having a known temperate lifestyle, a CAZy enzyme likely for regulatory purposes, and four DNA methyltransferases dispersed throughout the genome that suggest both host modulation and phage DNA protection against host restriction. Physiologically, ssDNA phage phi18:4 has a shorter latent period and smaller burst size than dsDNA phage phi18:1, and both phages efficiently infect this host. These results help augment the diversity of characterized environmental phage–host model systems by studying infections of genomically diverse phages (ssDNA vs. dsDNA) on the same host.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0020173; SC0023307

OSTI ID:: 2526315

Journal Information:: Viruses, Journal Name: Viruses Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 17; ISSN VIRUBR; ISSN 1999-4915

Publisher:: MDPI AGCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Switzerland

Language:: English

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