Analytical noise bias correction for precise weak lensing shear inference

Li, Xiangchong; Mandelbaum, Rachel

doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2764

Analytical noise bias correction for precise weak lensing shear inference

Journal Article · Sat Dec 14 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2764· OSTI ID:2522036

Li, Xiangchong ^[1]; Mandelbaum, Rachel ^[2]

Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Noise bias is a significant source of systematic error in weak gravitational lensing measurements that must be corrected to satisfy the stringent standards of modern imaging surveys in the era of precision cosmology. This paper reviews the analytical noise bias correction method and provides analytical derivations demonstrating that we can recover shear to its second order using the ‘renoising’ noise bias correction approach introduced by METACALIBRATION. We implement this analytical noise bias correction within the AnaCal shear estimation framework and propose several enhancements to the noise bias correction algorithm. We evaluate the improved AnaCal using simulations designed to replicate Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) imaging data. These simulations feature semi-realistic galaxies and stars, complete with representative distributions of magnitudes and Galactic spatial density. We conduct tests under various observational challenges, including cosmic rays, defective CCD columns, bright star saturation, bleed trails, and spatially variable point spread functions. Our results indicate a multiplicative bias in weak lensing shear recovery of less than a few tenths of a per cent, meeting LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration requirements without requiring calibration from external image simulations. Additionally, our algorithm achieves rapid processing, handling one galaxy in less than a millisecond.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Contributing Organization:: The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515; SC0010118; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2522036

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2588002

Report Number(s):: BNL--227595-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 536; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

Weak gravitational lensing Bartelmann, Matthias; Schneider, Peter Physics Reports, Vol. 340, Issue 4-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00082-X	journal	January 2001
GalSim: The modular galaxy image simulation toolkit Rowe, B. T. P.; Jarvis, M.; Mandelbaum, R. Astronomy and Computing, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2015.02.002	journal	April 2015
Array programming with NumPy Harris, Charles R.; Millman, K. Jarrod; van der Walt, Stéfan J. Nature, Vol. 585, Issue 7825 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2	journal	September 2020
SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python Virtanen, Pauli; Gommers, Ralf; Oliphant, Travis E. Nature Methods https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2	journal	February 2020
Shapelets -- I. A method for image analysis Refregier, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 338, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.05901.x	journal	January 2003
A highly precise shear bias estimator independent of the measured shape noise Pujol, Arnau; Kilbinger, Martin; Sureau, Florent Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 621 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833740	journal	December 2018
KiDS-Legacy calibration: Unifying shear and redshift calibration with the SKiLLS multi-band image simulations Li, Shun-Sheng; Kuijken, Konrad; Hoekstra, Henk Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 670 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245210	journal	February 2023
Progress in the Statistical Theory of Turbulence von Karman, T. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 34, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.34.11.530	journal	November 1948
A New Shear Estimator for Weak‐Lensing Observations Kaiser, Nick The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 537, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/309041	journal	July 2000
Shapes and Shears, Stars and Smears: Optimal Measurements for Weak Lensing Bernstein, G. M.; Jarvis, M. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 123, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/338085	journal	February 2002
Cosmology with cosmic shear observations: a review Kilbinger, Martin Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 78, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/78/8/086901	journal	July 2015
Effects of overlapping sources on cosmic shear estimation: Statistical sensitivity and pixel-noise bias Sanchez, Javier; Mendoza, Ismael; Kirkby, David P. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2021, Issue 07 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/07/043	journal	July 2021
Dark Energy Survey Y3 results: blending shear and redshift biases in image simulations MacCrann, N.; Becker, M. R.; McCullough, J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 509, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2870	journal	October 2021
Weak gravitational lensing shear measurement with FPFS: analytical mitigation of noise bias and selection bias Li, Xiangchong; Li, Yin; Massey, Richard Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 511, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac342	journal	February 2022
A differentiable perturbation-based weak lensing shear estimator Li, Xiangchong; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Jarvis, Mike Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 527, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3895	journal	December 2023
Analytical weak-lensing shear responses of galaxy properties and galaxy detection Li, Xiangchong; Mandelbaum, Rachel Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 521, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad890	journal	March 2023
Origins of weak lensing systematics, and requirements on future instrumentation (or knowledge of instrumentation) Massey, Richard; Hoekstra, Henk; Kitching, Thomas Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 429, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts371	journal	December 2012
The effective number density of galaxies for weak lensing measurements in the LSST project Chang, C.; Jarvis, M.; Jain, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 434, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1156	journal	July 2013
Bayesian lensing shear measurement Bernstein, Gary M.; Armstrong, Robert Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 438, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2326	journal	January 2014
An accurate and practical method for inference of weak gravitational lensing from galaxy images Bernstein, Gary M.; Armstrong, Robert; Krawiec, Christina Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw879	journal	April 2016
Weak lensing shear calibration with simulations of the HSC survey Mandelbaum, Rachel; Lanusse, François; Leauthaud, Alexie Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2420	journal	September 2018
Fourier Power Function Shapelets (FPFS) shear estimator: performance on image simulations Li, Xiangchong; Katayama, Nobuhiko; Oguri, Masamune Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2548	journal	October 2018
The three-year shear catalog of the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey Li, Xiangchong; Miyatake, Hironao; Luo, Wentao Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 74, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psac006	journal	March 2022
The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1 https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psx080	journal	October 2017
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
Polar shapelets Massey, R.; Refregier, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 363, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09453.x	journal	October 2005
Systematic errors in future weak-lensing surveys: requirements and prospects for self-calibration Huterer, D.; Takada, M.; Bernstein, G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 366, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09782.x	journal	February 2006
The Shear Testing Programme – I. Weak lensing analysis of simulated ground-based observations Heymans, Catherine; Van Waerbeke, Ludovic; Bacon, David Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 368, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10198.x	journal	April 2006
The Shear Testing Programme 2: Factors affecting high-precision weak-lensing analyses Massey, Richard; Heymans, Catherine; Bergé, Joel Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 376, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11315.x	journal	March 2007
Measuring the cosmic shear in Fourier space: Measuring the cosmic shear in Fourier space Zhang, Jun Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 383, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12585.x	journal	December 2007
The impact of high spatial frequency atmospheric distortions on weak-lensing measurements: Atmospheric distortions Heymans, Catherine; Rowe, Barnaby; Hoekstra, Henk Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20312.x	journal	February 2012
Noise bias in weak lensing shape measurements: Noise bias in lensing shape measurement Refregier, Alexandre; Kacprzak, Tomasz; Amara, Adam Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 425, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21483.x	journal	August 2012
Weak Lensing for Precision Cosmology Mandelbaum, Rachel Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-081817-051928	journal	September 2018
Deep-field Metacalibration Zhang, Zhoqi; Sheldon, Erin S.; Becker, Matthew R. The Open Journal of Astrophysics, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.21105/astro.2206.07683	journal	May 2023
Metadetection Weak Lensing for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Sheldon, Erin S.; Becker, Matthew R.; Jarvis, Michael The Open Journal of Astrophysics, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.21105/astro.2303.03947	journal	May 2023
Practical Weak-lensing Shear Measurement with Metacalibration Sheldon, Erin S.; Huff, Eric M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 841, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa704b	journal	May 2017
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products Ivezić, Željko; Kahn, Steven M.; Tyson, J. Anthony The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c	journal	March 2019
Mitigating Shear-dependent Object Detection Biases with Metacalibration Sheldon, Erin S.; Becker, Matthew R.; MacCrann, Niall The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 902, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb595	journal	October 2020
The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey Abolfathi, Bela; Alonso, David; Armstrong, Robert The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 253, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/abd62c	journal	March 2021
The Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope: 100 Hubbles for the 2020s Akeson, Rachel; Armus, Lee; Bachelet, Etienne arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1902.05569	preprint	January 2019
The little coadd that could: Estimating shear from coadded images Armstrong, Robert; Sheldon, Erin; Huff, Eric arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.01771	preprint	January 2024

Similar Records

Deep-field analytical calibration

Journal Article · Wed Jan 21 19:00:00 EST 2026 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:3017614

A differentiable perturbation-based weak lensing shear estimator

Journal Article · Sun Dec 17 19:00:00 EST 2023 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · OSTI ID:2483476

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
cosmology: observations
gravitational lensing: weak
techniques: image processing

Analytical noise bias correction for precise weak lensing shear inference

Citation Formats

References (41)

Similar Records

Related Subjects