Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates

Tsai, Richard Bing-Shiun; Sun, Xiangkai; Shaw, Adam L.; Finkelstein, Ran; Endres, Manuel

doi:10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331

Benchmarking and Fidelity Response Theory of High-Fidelity Rydberg Entangling Gates

Journal Article · Tue Feb 18 23:00:00 EST 2025 · PRX Quantum

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PRXQuantum.6.010331· OSTI ID:2520196

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The fidelity of entangling operations is a key figure of merit in quantum information processing, especially in the context of quantum error correction. High-fidelity entangling gates in neutral atoms have seen remarkable advancement recently. A full understanding of error sources and their respective contributions to gate infidelity will enable the prediction of fundamental limits on quantum gates in neutral atom platforms with realistic experimental constraints. In this work, we implement the time-optimal Rydberg controlled-Z (CZ) gate, design a circuit to benchmark its fidelity, and achieve a fidelity, averaged over symmetric input states, of $0.9971 (5)$ , downward corrected for leakage error, which together with our recent work [Nature 634, 321–327 (2024)] forms a new state of the art for neutral atoms. The remaining infidelity is explained by an error model, consistent with our experimental results over a range of gate speeds, with varying contributions from different error sources. Further, we develop a fidelity response theory to efficiently predict infidelity from laser noise with nontrivial power spectral densities and derive scaling laws of infidelity with gate speed. Besides its capability of predicting gate fidelity, we also utilize the fidelity response theory to compare and optimize gate protocols, to learn laser frequency noise, and to study the noise response for quantum simulation tasks. Finally, we predict that a CZ gate fidelity of $≳ 0.999$ is feasible with realistic experimental upgrades.

Published by the American Physical Society 2025

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021951

OSTI ID:: 2520196

Journal Information:: PRX Quantum, Journal Name: PRX Quantum Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 6; ISSN 2691-3399; ISSN PQRUAG

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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