GR-Athena++: General-relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations of Neutron Star Spacetimes

Cook, William; Daszuta, Boris; Fields, Jacob; Hammond, Peter; Albanesi, Simone; Zappa, Francesco; Bernuzzi, Sebastiano; Radice, David

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad87d4

GR-Athena++: General-relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations of Neutron Star Spacetimes

Journal Article · Wed Feb 12 00:00:00 EST 2025 · The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad87d4· OSTI ID:2517899

^[1]; Daszuta, Boris ^[1]; ^[2]; Hammond, Peter ^[2]; ^[3]; Zappa, Francesco ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[2]

Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena (Germany)
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)
Universitá di Torino (Italy); INFN Sezione di Torino (Torino)

We present the extension of GR-Athena++ to general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) for applications to neutron star spacetimes. The new solver couples the constrained transport implementation of Athena++ to the Z4c formulation of the Einstein equations to simulate dynamical spacetimes with GRMHD using oct-tree adaptive mesh refinement. We consider benchmark problems for isolated and binary neutron star spacetimes demonstrating stable and convergent results at relatively low resolutions and without grid symmetries imposed. The code correctly captures magnetic field instabilities in nonrotating stars with total relative violation of the divergence-free constraint of 10^–16. It handles evolutions with a microphysical equation of state and black hole formation in the gravitational collapse of a rapidly rotating star. For binaries, we demonstrate correctness of the evolution under the gravitational radiation reaction and show convergence of gravitational waveforms. We showcase the use of adaptive mesh refinement to resolve the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability at the collisional interface in a merger of magnetised binary neutron stars. GR-Athena++ shows strong scaling efficiencies above 80% in excess of 10⁵ CPU cores and excellent weak scaling is shown up to ~5 × 10⁵ CPU cores in a realistic production setup. GR-Athena++ allows for the robust simulation of GRMHD flows in strong and dynamical gravity with exa-scale computers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0021177

OSTI ID:: 2517899

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 277; ISSN 0067-0049

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts, and Nucleosynthesis Radice, David; Perego, Albino; Hotokezaka, Kenta The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 869, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf054	journal	December 2018
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An Extension of the Athena++ Code Framework for Radiation-magnetohydrodynamics in General Relativity Using a Finite-solid-angle Discretization White, Christopher J.; Mullen, Patrick D.; Jiang 姜, Yan-Fei 燕飞 The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 949, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc8cf	journal	June 2023
The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers Stone, James M.; Tomida, Kengo; White, Christopher J. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab929b	journal	June 2020
GR-Athena++: Puncture Evolutions on Vertex-centered Oct-tree Adaptive Mesh Refinement Daszuta, Boris; Zappa, Francesco; Cook, William The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 257, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac157b	journal	November 2021
General-relativistic Large-eddy Simulations of Binary Neutron Star Mergers Radice, David The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa6483	journal	March 2017
An Ordinary Short Gamma-Ray Burst with Extraordinary Implications: Fermi -GBM Detection of GRB 170817A Goldstein, A.; Veres, P.; Burns, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f41	journal	October 2017
INTEGRAL Detection of the First Prompt Gamma-Ray Signal Coincident with the Gravitational-wave Event GW170817 Savchenko, V.; Ferrigno, C.; Kuulkers, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa8f94	journal	October 2017
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. I. Discovery of the Optical Counterpart Using the Dark Energy Camera Soares-Santos, M.; Holz, D. E.; Annis, J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa9059	journal	October 2017
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9	journal	October 2017
Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A Abbott, B. P.; Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c	journal	October 2017
A Magnetar Engine for Short GRBs and Kilonovae Mösta, Philipp; Radice, David; Haas, Roland The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 901, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abb6ef	journal	October 2020
Exploding neutron stars in close binaries Blinnikov, S. I.; Novikov, I. D.; Perevodchikova, T. V. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1808.05287	text	January 2018

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