Skip to main content
OSTI.GOVU.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information
U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
 

Deformation and Collectivity in Doubly Magic 208Pb

Journal Article · · Physical Review Letters
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [5];  [2];  [2];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [9];  [4];  [10];  [2];  [11];  [12] more »;  [4];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [13];  [2];  [10];  [12];  [14];  [15];  [16];  [17];  [4];  [5];  [18];  [4];  [19];  [4];  [2];  [20];  [21];  [4];  [20];  [2];  [22];  [2];  [16];  [23];  [2];  [10];  [12];  [2];  [24];  [4];  [25];  [2];  [4];  [16];  [26];  [15];  [23];  [27] « less
  1. University of Surrey (United Kingdom); et al.
  2. University of Surrey
  3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze; University of Guelph
  4. Argonne National Laboratory
  5. University of North Carolina; Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory; Duke University
  6. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams; Michigan State University; Michigan State University
  7. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental-CIAFF-UAM
  8. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Física Fundamental-CIAFF-UAM; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
  9. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
  10. University of Guelph
  11. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  12. University of Notre Dame
  13. Los Alamos National Laboratory
  14. University of Liverpool
  15. University of Warsaw
  16. U.S. Naval Academy
  17. University of Kentucky; University of Dallas
  18. CEA Saclay
  19. Northwestern University
  20. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze
  21. Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences
  22. University of Surrey; National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering
  23. University of Kentucky
  24. University of Surrey; National Physical Laboratory
  25. Facility for Rare Isotope Beams; Michigan State University
  26. Argonne National Laboratory; Louisiana State University
  27. Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
+ Show Author Affiliations
Lead-208 is the heaviest known doubly magic nucleus and its structure is therefore of special interest. Despite this magicity, which acts to provide a strong restorative force toward sphericity, it is known to exhibit both strong octupole correlations and some of the strongest quadrupole collectivity observed in doubly magic systems. In this Letter, we employ state-of-the-art experimental equipment to conclusively demonstrate, through four Coulomb-excitation measurements, the presence of a large, negative, spectroscopic quadrupole moment for both the vibrational octupole 3$$^{−}_{1}$$ and quadrupole 2$$^{+}_{1}$$ state, indicative of a preference for prolate deformation of the states. The observed quadrupole moment is discussed in the context of the expected splitting of the 3−⊗3− two-phonon states, due to the coupling of the quadrupole and octupole motion. These results are compared with theoretical values from three different methods, which are unable to reproduce both the sign and magnitude of this deformation. Thus, in spite of its well-studied nature, 208Pb remains a puzzle for our understanding of nuclear structure.
Research Organization:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Duke University, Durham, NC (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki; Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN); National Science Centre; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Science and Technologies Facilities Council (STFC); Science and Technology Facilities Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); UK Research and Innovation; UK Research and Innovation (UKRI); UKRI Future Leaders; US Department of Energy; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP) (SC-26)
Grant/Contract Number:
89233218CNA000001; AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; AC52-07NA27344; FG02-97ER41033; FG02-97ER41041; SC0021243
OSTI ID:
2516772
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 2572989
OSTI ID: 3003130
OSTI ID: 2519309
OSTI ID: 3010158
OSTI ID: 2572705
Report Number(s):
LLNL--JRNL-865383
Journal Information:
Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 134; ISSN 0031-9007; ISSN 1079-7114
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (47)

Time-dependent quantum collective dynamics applied to nuclear fission journal February 1991
The 3−×3− two-phonon quartet and the proton pairing vibration in 208Pb journal December 1970
Static quadrupole moment of the collective octupole vibration in 208Pb journal May 1971
An improved determination of the quadrupole moment of the first excited state of 208Pb journal August 1983
Nuclear octupole vibrations in the isotopes of Pb journal October 1970
Static electric quadrupole moments of the first excited states of 56Fe and the even Titanium nuclei journal August 1972
Nuclear structure calculations with a density-dependent force in 208Pb journal December 1974
Towards a better parametrisation of Skyrme-like effective forces: A critical study of the SkM force journal September 1982
Nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments on 204,206,207,208Pb up to 6.75 MeV journal September 2003
Tables of E2 transition probabilities from the first 2 + states in even–even nuclei journal January 2016
Self-consistent RPA calculations with Skyrme-type interactions: The skyrme_rpa program journal January 2013
The performance of the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array GRETINA
  • Paschalis, S.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 709 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.01.009
journal May 2013
CHICO2, a two-dimensional pixelated parallel-plate avalanche counter
  • Wu, C. Y.; Cline, D.; Hayes, A.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 814 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.034
journal April 2016
Implications of parity-violating electron scattering experiments on 48Ca (CREX) and 208Pb (PREX-II) for nuclear energy density functionals journal January 2023
Ab initio predictions link the neutron skin of 208Pb to nuclear forces journal August 2022
Coulomb Excitation of the 2·615 MeV (3?) and 4.086 MeV (2+) States of 208Pb journal January 1984
Mean field and beyond description of nuclear structure with the Gogny force: a review journal December 2018
Coulomb Excitation and Reorientation of the Octupole State in Pb 208 journal October 1969
On the "Magic Numbers" in Nuclear Structure journal June 1949
On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II journal June 1949
Limits on assigning a shape to a nucleus journal May 2020
Lifetimes and structures of low-lying negative-parity states of Po209 journal April 2021
Excitation of low lying natural parity levels in Pb 208 by inelastic electron scattering journal May 1982
Candidates for two-phonon octupole excitations in208Pb journal May 1998
New Skyrme interaction for normal and exotic nuclei journal July 1998
Fragmentation of the two-phonon octupole vibrational states in208Pb journal November 1998
Neutron density distributions of Pb 204 , 206 , 208 deduced via proton elastic scattering at E p = 295 MeV journal October 2010
Global systematics of octupole excitations in even-even nuclei journal November 2011
Electromagnetic transition strengths in soft deformed nuclei journal November 2012
Octupole correlations in the Ba 144 nucleus described with symmetry-conserving configuration-mixing calculations journal June 2016
Anharmonicity of multi–octupole-phonon excitations in Pb 208 : Analysis with multireference covariant density functional theory and subbarrier fusion of O 16 + Pb 208 journal July 2016
Measurement of the Neutron Radius of Pb 208 through Parity Violation in Electron Scattering journal March 2012
Neutron Skin of Pb 208 from Coherent Pion Photoproduction journal June 2014
Neutron Skins and Neutron Stars in the Multimessenger Era journal April 2018
Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of Pb 208 through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering journal April 2021
Implications of PREX-2 on the Equation of State of Neutron-Rich Matter journal April 2021
Combined Theoretical Analysis of the Parity-Violating Asymmetry for Ca48 and Pb208 journal December 2022
Quadrupole Moment of the First3−State inPb208 journal April 1977
Determination of the Transition Charge Density of the Octupole Vibration inPb208 journal November 1980
Two-Phonon Octupole Excitation in208Pb journal February 1996
Double-Octupole States in P 208 b journal December 2000
Neutron Density Distributions Deduced from Antiprotonic Atoms journal August 2001
The shell model as a unified view of nuclear structure journal June 2005
Shape coexistence in atomic nuclei journal November 2011
Evolution of shell structure in exotic nuclei journal March 2020
Origin of the heaviest elements: The rapid neutron-capture process journal February 2021
Analysis methods of safe Coulomb-excitation experiments with radioactive ion beams using the GOSIA code journal April 2016

Similar Records

Related Subjects

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Electromagnetic transitions
Nuclear shapes and moments
Physics - Nuclear physics and radiation physics
Spectroscopic factors & electromagnetic moments
electromagnetic moments
electromagnetic transitions
nuclear shapes and moments
spectroscopic factors