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Recent advances in combustion science related to hydrogen safety

Journal Article · · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
 [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Univ. of Surrey, Guildford (United Kingdom)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
  3. Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou (China)

Hydrogen is a key pillar in the global Net Zero strategy. Rapid scaling up of hydrogen production, transport, distribution and utilization is expected. This entails that hydrogen, which is traditionally an industrial gas, will come into proximity of populated urban areas and in some situations handled by the untrained public. To realize all their benefits, hydrogen and its technologies must be safely developed and deployed. The specific properties of hydrogen involving wide flammability range, low ignition energy and fast flame speed implies that any accidental release of hydrogen can be easily ignited. Comparing with conventional fuels, combustion systems fueled by hydrogen are also more prone to flame instability and abnormal combustion. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review about combustion research related to hydrogen safety. It starts with a brief introduction which includes some overview about risk analysis, codes and standards. The core content covers ignition, fire, explosions and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). Considering that DDT leads to detonation, and that detonation may also be induced directly under special circumstances, the subject of detonation is also included for completeness. The review covers laboratory, medium and large-scale experiments, as well as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results. While highlights are provided at the end of each section, the paper closes with some concluding remarks highlighting the achievements and key knowledge gaps.

Research Organization:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)
Grant/Contract Number:
NA0003525
OSTI ID:
2498424
Report Number(s):
SAND--2025-00244J
Journal Information:
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Journal Name: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 107; ISSN 0360-1285
Publisher:
ElsevierCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Analysis of the final stage of flame acceleration and the onset of detonation in a cylindrical tube using high-speed stereoscopic imaging journal June 2020
Influence of the chemical modeling on the quenching limits of gaseous detonation waves confined by an inert layer journal August 2020
Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in hydrogen-air mixture in a channel with an array of obstacles of different shapes journal October 2020
Modeling detonation limits for arbitrary non-uniform concentration distributions in fuel–air mixtures journal November 2020
Modes of mild ignition in shock tubes: Origins and classification journal November 2020
Dynamics of detonation transmission and propagation in a curved chamber: a numerical and experimental analysis journal January 2021
Two-dimensional temperature in a detonation channel using two-color OH planar laser-induced fluorescence thermometry journal June 2021
Influences of incoming flow on re-initiation of cellular detonations journal July 2021
Effect of the excitation line on hydroxyl radical imaging by laser induced fluorescence in hydrogen detonations journal July 2021
Tailored mixture properties for accurate laminar flame speed measurement from spherically expanding flames: Application to H2/O2/N2/He mixtures journal September 2021
Predictions of flame acceleration, transition to detonation, and detonation propagation using the Chemical-Diffusive Model journal January 2022
Transmission of a detonation wave across an inert layer journal February 2022
Hydrogen-oxygen flame acceleration in narrow open ended channels journal April 2022
Influence of chemistry on the steady solutions of hydrogen gaseous detonations with friction losses journal June 2022
An analysis of three-dimensional patterns of experimental detonation cells journal November 2022
Real gas effect on steady planar detonation and uncertainty quantification journal November 2022
Experimental study on detonation-diffraction reflection point distances in hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbon reactive systems journal November 2022
Effect of ozone addition on curved detonations journal January 2023
Flame acceleration and detonation onset in narrow channels: Simultaneous schlieren visualization journal August 2023
On the critical initiation of planar detonation in Noble-Abel and van der Waals gas journal September 2023
Two-dimensional visualization of induction zone in hydrogen detonations journal September 2023
From graph theory and geometric probabilities to a representative width for three-dimensional detonation cells journal October 2023
Linear and non-linear stability of gaseous detonation at elevated pressure journal April 2024
Near-limit detonation in long spiral tube: An improved experimental methodology and frequency analysis journal May 2024
Numerical study on flame acceleration and DDT in an inclined array of cylinders using an AMR technique journal October 2013
Implementation of an OpenFOAM solver for shock and detonation simulation at high pressure journal October 2023
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Similitude analysis and critical conditions for spontaneous ignition of hydrogen release into the atmosphere through a tube journal June 2019
A study on autoignition characteristics of H2-O2 mixtures with diluents of Ar/N2 in rapid compression machine for argon power cycle engines journal November 2021
Numerical study of synthetic spherically expanding flames for optimization of laminar flame speed experiments journal February 2022
Detonation behaviors of stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture in annular tubes with circular obstacles journal April 2022
Unified dynamics of hydrogen–oxygen–diluent detonations in narrow confinements journal February 2023
On the critical pressure pulse width for ignition of hydrogen–air and dimethyl ether–air mixtures journal March 2023
Experimental and numerical study of the ignition of hydrogen-air mixtures by a localized stationary hot surface journal April 2019
Large eddy simulation of a medium-scale methanol pool fire using the extended eddy dissipation concept journal March 2014
Ignition of lean hydrogen–air mixtures journal October 2005
Spatial and radiative properties of an open-flame hydrogen plume journal August 2006
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An experimental investigation into the ignition of leaking hydrogen journal February 2007
Characterization of high-pressure, underexpanded hydrogen-jet flames journal August 2007
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Role of chemical kinetics on the detonation properties of hydrogen /natural gas/air mixtures journal September 2007
Large-scale hydrogen deflagrations and detonations journal September 2007
Dispersion and explosion field tests for 40MPa pressurized hydrogen journal September 2007
Experimental study on hydrogen explosions in a full-scale hydrogen filling station model journal September 2007
Experimental investigation on the thermal properties of hydrogen jet flame and hot currents in the downstream region journal July 2008
Turbulent hydrogen deflagration induced by ostacles in real confined environment journal May 2009
Characterisation of laser ignition in hydrogen–air mixtures in a combustion bomb journal March 2009
Fast turbulent deflagration and DDT of hydrogen–air mixtures in small obstructed channel journal July 2009
Control of the ignition possibility of hydrogen by electrostatic discharge at a ventilation duct outlet journal March 2009
Analysis of jet flames and unignited jets from unintended releases of hydrogen journal July 2009
Risk-informed separation distances for hydrogen refueling stations journal July 2009
Self-ignition and flame propagation of high-pressure hydrogen jet during sudden discharge from a pipe journal July 2009
An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to simulate hydrogen deflagrations in a tunnel journal September 2009
Numerical study of spontaneous ignition of pressurized hydrogen released by the failure of a rupture disk into a tube journal October 2009
Properties of large-scale methane/hydrogen jet fires journal December 2009
Utilizing unsteady curved detonation analysis and detailed kinetics to study the direct initiation of detonation in H2–O2 and H2–Air mixtures journal December 2009
Numerical study of hydrogen explosions in a refuelling environment and in a model storage room journal January 2010
An intercomparison exercise on the capabilities of CFD models to reproduce a large-scale hydrogen deflagration in open atmosphere journal May 2010
An intercomparison of CFD models to predict lean and non-uniform hydrogen mixture explosions journal June 2010
The structure and flame propagation regimes in turbulent hydrogen jets journal February 2011
The effect of an obstacle plate on the spontaneous ignition in pressurized hydrogen release: A numerical study journal February 2011
Ignitability limits for combustion of unintended hydrogen releases: Experimental and theoretical results journal February 2011
Vented explosion overpressures from combustion of hydrogen and hydrocarbon mixtures journal February 2011
High pressure hydrogen fires journal February 2011
Physics of spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen release and transition to jet fire journal February 2011
Shock-induced ignition with single step Arrhenius kinetics journal February 2011
Integration of experimental facilities: A joint effort for establishing a common knowledge base in experimental work on hydrogen safety journal February 2011
Visualisation of jet fires from hydrogen release journal February 2011
Statistical analysis of electrostatic spark ignition of lean H2/O2/Ar mixtures journal February 2011
Achievements of the EC network of excellence HySafe journal February 2011
Numerical simulation of large scale hydrogen detonation journal February 2011
An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to simulate hydrogen deflagrations with pressure relief vents journal November 2010
Critical energy for direct initiation of spherical detonations in H2/N2O/Ar mixtures journal May 2011
Experimental study on the behaviors and shape changes of premixed hydrogen–air flames propagating in horizontal duct journal May 2011
Flame acceleration and DDT of hydrogen–oxygen gaseous mixtures in channels with no-slip walls journal July 2011
Numerical study on the spark ignition characteristics of hydrogen–air mixture using detailed chemical kinetics journal July 2011
Ignition delay study of moist hydrogen/oxidizer mixtures using a rapid compression machine journal April 2012
Ignitability and mixing of underexpanded hydrogen jets journal November 2012
Experimental investigation of hydrogen release and ignition from fuel cell powered forklifts in enclosed spaces journal November 2012
Self-ignition of hydrogen releases through electrostatic discharge induced by entrained particulates journal November 2012
Experimental and numerical investigation of DDT in hydrogen–Air behind a single obstacle journal November 2012
Effect of hydrogen concentration on vented explosion overpressures from lean hydrogen–air deflagrations journal November 2012
The influence of diaphragm rupture rate on spontaneous self-ignition of pressurized hydrogen: Experimental investigation journal July 2012
Ignition and heat radiation of cryogenic hydrogen jets journal November 2012
Hydrogen jet flames journal June 2013
Laminar flame speed correlations for pure-hydrogen and high-hydrogen content syngas blends with various diluents journal December 2012
Experimental study on high pressure hydrogen jets coming out of tubes of 0.1–4.2 m in length journal June 2013
Auto-ignition and DDT driven by shock wave – Boundary layer interaction in oxyhydrogen mixture journal April 2013
Shock initiated ignition for hydrogen mixtures of different concentrations journal June 2013
Pressure limit of hydrogen spontaneous ignition in a T-shaped channel journal June 2013
Fundamental study on accidental explosion behavior of hydrogen-air mixtures in an open space journal June 2013
Numerical application of additive Runge-Kutta methods on detonation interaction with pipe bends journal July 2013
An experimental study of premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a partially open duct journal April 2014
Hydrogen safety: The road toward green technology journal August 2013
Hydrogen–oxygen flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in three-dimensional rectangular channels with no-slip walls journal December 2013
Combustion characteristics and flame-kernel development of a laser ignited hydrogen–air mixture in a constant volume combustion chamber journal January 2014
Gas explosion field test with release of hydrogen from a high pressure reservoir into a channel journal March 2014
Effects of initial diaphragm shape on spontaneous ignition of high-pressure hydrogen in a two-dimensional duct journal April 2014
Flame acceleration and transition from deflagration to detonation in hydrogen explosions journal April 2014
Application of a laser induced fluorescence model to the numerical simulation of detonation waves in hydrogen–oxygen–diluent mixtures journal April 2014
Effects of ignition location on premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a closed combustion tube journal May 2014
Rayleigh–Taylor instability: Modelling and effect on coherent deflagrations journal December 2014
Updated jet flame radiation modeling with buoyancy corrections journal December 2014
Predicting radiative characteristics of hydrogen and hydrogen/methane jet fires using FireFOAM journal December 2014
Effect of initial turbulence on vented explosion overpressures from lean hydrogen–air deflagrations journal December 2014
The effect of tube internal geometry on the propensity to spontaneous ignition in pressurized hydrogen release journal December 2014
CFD modeling and consequence analysis of an accidental hydrogen release in a large scale facility journal December 2014
Ignition of hydrogen jet fires from high pressure storage journal December 2014
Numerical simulation of flame acceleration and deflagration to detonation transition in hydrogen-air mixture journal December 2014
Hydrogen–air deflagrations: Vent sizing correlation for low-strength equipment and buildings journal January 2015
Self-ignition and explosion of a 13-MPa pressurized unsteady hydrogen jet under atmospheric conditions journal May 2015
An analysis of the hydrogen explosion in the Fukushima-Daiichi accident journal July 2015
LES of flame acceleration and DDT in hydrogen–air mixture using artificially thickened flame approach and detailed chemical kinetics journal June 2015
Investigation of ignited hydrogen leaks from tube fittings journal October 2015
Study on the critical parameters of spherical detonation direct initiation in hydrogen/oxygen mixtures journal December 2015
An experimental investigation of detonation limits in hydrogen–oxygen–argon mixtures journal April 2016
Fundamental combustion properties of oxygen enriched hydrogen/air mixtures relevant to safety analysis: Experimental and simulation study journal May 2016
Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program part 2: Hydrogen and fuel cells: Emphasizing safety to enable commercialization journal March 2017
Experimental investigation of spherical-flame acceleration in lean hydrogen-air mixtures journal March 2017
Hot surface ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures journal March 2017
Shock tube study on ignition delay of hydrogen and evaluation of various kinetic models journal August 2016
Dynamics of ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixtures by moving heated particles journal March 2017
Development of a model evaluation protocol for CFD analysis of hydrogen safety issues the SUSANA project journal March 2017
Self-ignition of hydrogen–nitrogen mixtures during high-pressure release into air journal March 2017
Detonation wave propagation in semi-confined layers of hydrogen–air and hydrogen–oxygen mixtures journal March 2017
Propagation of blast waves from a bursting vessel with internal hydrogen-air deflagration journal March 2017
Numerical simulation of flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in hydrogen-air mixtures with concentration gradients journal March 2017
Experimental investigation of influence of methane additions on spontaneous self-ignition of pulsed jet of hydrogen journal August 2016
Outward propagation velocity and acceleration characteristics in hydrogen-air deflagration journal March 2017
Experimental studies on vented deflagrations in a low strength enclosure journal March 2017
Hydrogen explosions in 20′ ISO container journal March 2017
Visualization of spontaneous ignition under controlled burst pressure journal March 2017
HyRAM: A methodology and toolkit for quantitative risk assessment of hydrogen systems journal March 2017
Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards journal March 2017
Adaptive simulations of detonation propagation in 90-degree bent tubes journal October 2016
Hazards, safety and knowledge gaps on hydrogen transmission via natural gas grid: A critical review journal October 2016
Hydrogen jet fires in a passively ventilated enclosure journal March 2017
Ignition and flame characteristics of cryogenic hydrogen releases journal January 2017
Numerical simulation of detonation failure and re-initiation in bifurcated tubes journal March 2017
On the structure and stability of supersonic hydrogen flames in channels journal December 2016
Comparison of the safety-related physical and combustion properties of liquid hydrogen and liquid natural gas in the context of the SF-BREEZE high-speed fuel-cell ferry journal January 2017
Numerical study of detonation diffraction through 90-degree curved channels to expansion area journal March 2017
GASFLOW-MPI: A new 3-D parallel all-speed CFD code for turbulent dispersion and combustion simulations journal March 2017
Acceleration of hydrogen/air flames in a cylindrical envelope journal April 2017
Concentration fluctuation and ignition characteristics during atmospheric diffusion of hydrogen spouted from high pressure storage journal June 2017
Experimental study of detonation propagation in a square tube filled with orifice plates journal March 2018
Blow-off process of highly under-expanded hydrogen non-premixed jet flame journal March 2018
Acceleration of laminar hydrogen/oxygen flames in a tube and the possible onset of detonation journal March 2018
Effects of congestion and confining walls on turbulent deflagrations in a hydrogen storage facility-part 1: Experimental study journal April 2018
Deflagrations of localised homogeneous and inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in enclosures journal May 2018
Experimental and numerical investigations of hydrogen jet fire in a vented compartment journal May 2018
Experimental study on self-acceleration in expanding spherical hydrogen-air flames journal July 2018
Experimental study of hydrogen explosion in repeated pipe congestion – Part 1: Effects of increase in congestion journal April 2019
Non-steady characteristics of dispersion and ignitability for high-pressurized hydrogen jet discharged from a pinhole journal April 2019
Best practice guidelines in numerical simulations and CFD benchmarking for hydrogen safety applications journal April 2019
Hydrogen combustion experiments in a vertical semi-confined channel journal April 2019
Effects of congestion and confining walls on turbulent deflagrations in a hydrogen storage facility-part 2: Numerical study journal August 2018
A computational fluid dynamics evaluation of unconfined hydrogen explosions in high pressure applications journal August 2018
Influence of initial pressure on hydrogen/air flame acceleration during severe accident in NPP journal April 2019
Blind-prediction: Estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations for homogeneous mixtures in 20-foot ISO containers journal April 2019
Pressure effects of an ignited release from onboard storage in a garage with a single vent journal April 2019
Simulation of thermal hazards from hydrogen under-expanded jet fire journal April 2019
Thermal radiation from cryogenic hydrogen jet fires journal April 2019
Non-homogeneous hydrogen deflagrations in small scale enclosure. Experimental results journal October 2018
Transport equations for reaction rate in laminar and turbulent premixed flames characterized by non-unity Lewis number journal November 2018
Performance evaluation of empirical models for vented lean hydrogen explosions journal April 2019
Vented hydrogen deflagrations in containers: Effect of congestion for homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures journal April 2019
PIV-measurements of reactant flow in hydrogen-air explosions journal April 2019
Quantitative risk assessment of an urban hydrogen refueling station journal January 2019
Numerical modelling of vented lean hydrogen deflagations in an ISO container journal April 2019
Experiments on combustion regimes for hydrogen/air mixtures in a thin layer geometry journal April 2019
Experimental study of hydrogen explosion in repeated pipe congestion – Part 2: Effects of increase in hydrogen concentration in hydrogen-methane-air mixture journal January 2019
Experimental study of flame propagation across flexible obstacles in a square cross-section channel journal February 2019
Mitigation of H2/air gaseous detonation via utilization of PAN-based carbon fibre felt journal February 2019
The effect of concentration gradients on deflagration-to-detonation transition in a rectangular channel with and without obstructions – A numerical study journal March 2019
A simple model for calculating peak pressure in vented explosions of hydrogen and hydrocarbons journal August 2019
Hydrogen storage and delivery: Review of the state of the art technologies and risk and reliability analysis journal May 2019
Effect of the initial pressures on evolution of intrinsically unstable hydrogen/air premixed flame fronts journal June 2019
Techno-econo-environmental optimal operation of grid-wind-solar electricity generation with hydrogen storage system for domestic scale, case study in Chad journal November 2019
Sensing hydrogen transitions in homes through social practices: Cooking, heating, and the decomposition of demand journal February 2020
Experimental and numerical study on the high-pressure hydrogen jet and explosion induced by sudden released into the air through tubes journal February 2020
Effect of shock structure on stabilization and blow-off of hydrogen jet flames journal March 2020
Experimental study of end-vented hydrogen deflagrations in a 40-foot container journal June 2020
Loss of integrity of hydrogen technologies: A critical review journal September 2020
Flame acceleration and blast wave of H2–O2–N2–Ar mixtures in unconfined areas journal March 2021
Self-similar propagation of spherically expanding flames in lean hydrogen–air mixtures journal September 2020
Numerical investigation of self-sustaining modes of 2D planar detonations under concentration gradients in hydrogen–oxygen mixtures journal October 2020
Hydrogen deflagrations in stratified flat layers in the large-scale vented combustion test facility journal March 2021
Characteristic of cryogenic hydrogen flames from high-aspect ratio nozzles journal March 2021
Experimental investigation of unconfined spherical and cylindrical flame propagation in hydrogen-air mixtures journal March 2021
Experimental tests of inhomogeneous hydrogen deflagrations in the presence of obstacles journal March 2021
Influence of porous walls on flame front perturbations in hydrogen-air mixtures journal January 2021
Effect of inert and reactive gas additives to hydrogen and air on blow-off of flame at hydrogen release from microleakage journal January 2021
Flame propagation of premixed hydrogen-air explosion in a closed duct with obstacles journal January 2021
Performance evaluation and life cycle analysis of RES-hydrogen hybrid energy system for office building journal February 2021
Hydrogen in energy transition: A review journal March 2021
Quantitative risk assessment using a Japanese hydrogen refueling station model journal February 2021
Self-ignited flame behavior of high-pressure hydrogen release by rupture disk through a long tube journal April 2021
Experimental investigation on the dynamic responses of vented hydrogen explosion in a 40-foot container journal May 2021
Numerical investigation of the mechanism behind the deflagration to detonation transition in homogeneous and inhomogeneous mixtures of H2-air in an obstructed channel journal June 2021
Review on hydrogen safety issues: Incident statistics, hydrogen diffusion, and detonation process journal September 2021
Ceiling-vented deflagrations of a hydrogen-air mixture in a 75 m3 container journal September 2021
Numerical investigation of three deflagration-to-detonation transition conditions related to the velocity of the spontaneous reaction wave journal October 2021
Detonation propagation limits in hydrogen-oxygen mixtures in a tube filled with repeated perforated plates journal January 2022
Propagation of premixed hydrogen-air flame initiated by a planar ignition in a closed tube journal January 2022
Effects of obstacle layout and blockage ratio on flame acceleration and DDT in hydrogen-air mixture in a channel with an array of obstacles journal January 2022
MILD combustion of hydrogen and air – An efficient modelling approach in CFD validated by experimental data journal January 2022
Effect of obstacles on the detonation diffraction and subsequent re-initiation journal February 2022
Investigation on unconfined hydrogen cloud explosion with external turbulence journal February 2022
Research progress on the self-ignition of high-pressure hydrogen discharge: A review journal February 2022
Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in narrow channels filled with stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture journal March 2022
Experimental and numerical studies on detonation failure and re-initiation behind a half-cylinder journal March 2022
Effect of solid obstacle distribution on flame acceleration and DDT in obstructed channels filled with hydrogen-air mixture journal March 2022
Review and analysis of the hydrogen production technologies from a safety perspective journal April 2022
Statistics, lessons learned and recommendations from analysis of HIAD 2.0 database journal May 2022
Critical review and analysis of hydrogen safety data collection tools journal May 2022
Study on the dynamic process of in-duct hydrogen-air explosion flame propagation under different blocking rates journal May 2022
Effect of diffusion time on the mechanism of deflagration to detonation transition in an inhomogeneous mixture of hydrogen-air journal June 2022
The evolution and structure of ignited high-pressure cryogenic hydrogen jets journal August 2022
Minimum ignition energy of hydrogen-air and methane-air mixtures at temperatures as low as 200 K journal August 2022
Flame propagation regimes and critical conditions for flame acceleration and detonation transition for hydrogen-air mixtures at cryogenic temperatures journal August 2022
High pressure hydrogen leakage diffusion: Research progress journal January 2024
Hydrogen-fueled gas turbines in future energy system journal April 2024
Numerical simulations of large-scale detonation tests in the RUT facility by the LES model journal September 2010
Experimental investigation of spontaneous ignition and flame propagation at pressurized hydrogen release through tubes with varying cross-section journal December 2016
Laminar burning velocities of hydrogen–air mixtures from closed vessel gas explosions journal May 2005
The nature and large eddy simulation of coherent deflagrations in a vented enclosure-atmosphere system journal March 2006
Self-ignition and explosion during discharge of high-pressure hydrogen journal March 2008
Mechanisms of high-pressure hydrogen gas self-ignition in tubes journal March 2008
Scale effects on hydrogen–air fast deflagrations and detonations in small obstructed channels journal March 2008
LES of high pressure hydrogen jet fire journal May 2009
Effect of ignition position on the run-up distance to DDT for hydrogen–air explosions journal March 2011
Experimental investigation of spark ignition energy in kerosene, hexane, and hydrogen journal March 2013
Experimental investigation of hydrogen–air deflagrations and detonations in semi-confined flat layers journal March 2013
Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in an array of square obstacles journal March 2013
Experimental investigation of fast flame propagation in stratified hydrogen–air mixtures in semi-confined flat layers journal November 2013
Flame acceleration in unconfined hydrogen/air deflagrations using infrared photography journal November 2013
Numerical simulation of deflagration-to-detonation transition in large confined volumes journal July 2015
DDT and detonation propagation limits in an obstacle filled tube journal July 2015
Gas flame acceleration in long ducts journal July 2015
Effect of pipe configurations on flame propagation of hydrocarbons–air and hydrogen–air mixtures in a constant volume journal January 2016
Effect of orifice plate spacing on detonation propagation journal September 2017
Experimental study of spontaneous ignition and non-premixed turbulent combustion behavior following pressurized hydrogen release through a tube with local enlargement journal September 2017
Models for shock-induced ignition evaluated by detailed chemical kinetics for hydrogen/air in the context of deflagration-to-detonation transition journal September 2017
Numerical modeling of deflagration to detonation transition in inhomogeneous hydrogen/air mixtures journal September 2017
Experimental investigation on explosion flame propagation of H 2 -O 2 in a small scale pipeline journal September 2017
Brief review on passive and active methods for explosion and detonation suppression in tubes and galleries journal September 2017
Numerical simulations of vented hydrogen deflagration in a medium-scale enclosure journal March 2018
Modular phenomenological model for vented explosions and its validation with experimental and computational results journal September 2019
Fluid structure interactions modelling in vented lean deflagrations journal September 2019
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of hydrogen releases and vented deflagrations in large enclosures journal January 2020
Numerical studies of flame acceleration and onset of detonation in homogenous and inhomogeneous mixture journal March 2020
Strange wave formation and detonation onset in narrow channels journal September 2021
Review of hydrogen safety during storage, transmission, and applications processes journal September 2021
Numerical simulations of gas explosion using Porosity Distributed Resistance approach Part −1: Validation against small-scale experiments journal February 2022
Flame propagation of premixed hydrogen-air explosions in bend pipes journal July 2022
A comprehensive review on synthesis, chemical kinetics, and practical application of ammonia as future fuel for combustion journal December 2021
Experiments on hydrogen deflagration journal September 2006
Gas detonation cell width prediction model based on support vector regression journal October 2017
Detonation cell size model based on deep neural network for hydrogen, methane and propane mixtures with air and oxygen journal April 2019
Comparison between FLACS explosion simulations and experiments conducted in a PWR Steam Generator casemate scale down with hydrogen gradients journal April 2012
The role of CFD combustion modeling in hydrogen safety management—Part I: Validation based on small scale experiments journal July 2012
The role of CFD combustion modeling in hydrogen safety management – III: Validation based on homogeneous hydrogen–air–diluent experiments journal August 2015
Hydrogen combustion in a flat semi-confined layer with respect to the Fukushima Daiichi accident journal May 2015
The role of CFD combustion modeling in hydrogen safety management – IV: Validation based on non-homogeneous hydrogen–air experiments journal December 2016
The role of CFD combustion modeling in hydrogen safety management – V: Validation for slow deflagrations in homogeneous hydrogen-air experiments journal December 2016
Effects of nitrogen and carbon monoxide on the detonation of hydrogen-air gaseous mixtures journal March 2019
Pulse detonation propulsion: challenges, current status, and future perspective journal January 2004
Molecular transport effects on turbulent flame propagation and structure journal January 2005
Flame acceleration and transition to detonation in ducts journal August 2008
Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines journal December 2009
Recent advances in understanding of flammability characteristics of hydrogen journal April 2014
Fires and explosions journal January 2018
A comprehensive review of measurements and data analysis of laminar burning velocities for various fuel+air mixtures journal September 2018
Ammonia for power journal November 2018
Mechanisms and occurrence of detonations in vapor cloud explosions journal March 2020
Heating of the fuel mixture due to viscous stress ahead of accelerating flames in deflagration-to-detonation transition journal June 2008
Formation of the preheated zone ahead of a propagating flame and the mechanism underlying the deflagration-to-detonation transition journal January 2009
On detonation initiation by a temperature gradient for a detailed chemical reaction models journal April 2011
On the mechanism of flow evolution in shock-tube experiments journal February 2018
A numerical study on the formation of diffusion flame islands in a turbulent hydrogen jet lifted flame journal January 2005
Reaction zones in highly unstable detonations journal January 2005
An experimental investigation of the onset of detonation journal January 2005
Numerical simulations of flame propagation and DDT in obstructed channels filled with hydrogen–air mixture journal January 2007
Experimental study and modeling of shock tube ignition delay times for hydrogen–oxygen–argon mixtures at low temperatures journal January 2009
Hydrogen–nitrous oxide delay times: Shock tube experimental study and kinetic modelling journal January 2009
Numerical analysis on auto-ignition of a high pressure hydrogen jet spouting from a tube journal January 2009
Detonation in gases journal January 2009
On the critical flame radius and minimum ignition energy for spherical flame initiation journal January 2011
Experimental investigation on the self-ignition of pressurized hydrogen released by the failure of a rupture disk through tubes journal January 2011
An analysis of peak overpressures in vented gaseous explosions journal January 2011
Mach reflection bifurcations as a mechanism of cell multiplication in gaseous detonations journal January 2011
Numerical simulations of hydrogen detonations with detailed chemical kinetics journal January 2013
Experimental study of minimum ignition energy of lean H2-N2O mixtures journal January 2013
An experimental investigation on self-acceleration of cellular spherical flames journal January 2013
Two-dimensional numerical simulation on galloping detonation in a narrow channel journal January 2013
Dynamics of excited hydroxyl radicals in hydrogen-based mixtures behind reflected shock waves journal January 2013
Critical conditions of hydrogen-air detonation in partially confined geometry journal January 2013
A flow visualization study on self-ignition of high pressure hydrogen gas released into a tube journal January 2013
Comprehensive visualization of detonation-diffraction structures and sizes in unstable and stable mixtures journal January 2013
Effects of a wall on the self-ignition patterns and flame propagation of high-pressure hydrogen release through a tube journal January 2013
Uncertainty in stretch extrapolation of laminar flame speed from expanding spherical flames journal January 2015
Determination of burning velocities from spherically expanding H 2 /air flames journal January 2015
A DNS study of self-accelerating cylindrical hydrogen–air flames with detailed chemistry journal January 2015
Computational analysis of re-ignition and re-initiation mechanisms of quenched detonation waves behind a backward facing step journal January 2015
Weak and strong ignition of hydrogen/oxygen mixtures in shock-tube systems journal January 2015
Propagation mechanisms of supersonic combustion waves journal January 2015
Self-similar propagation of expanding spherical flames in large scale gas explosions journal January 2015
Experimental and numerical study on the ignition of fuel/air mixtures at laser heated silicon nitride particles journal January 2017
Regimes describing shock boundary layer interaction and ignition in shock tubes journal January 2017
Detonation wave diffraction in H2–O2–Ar mixtures journal January 2017
Effects of temperature perturbation on direct detonation initiation journal January 2017
Simultaneous OH-PLIF and schlieren imaging of flame acceleration in an obstacle-laden channel journal January 2017
Flame propagation across an obstacle: OH-PLIF and 2-D simulations with detailed chemistry journal January 2017
Effects of differential diffusion on ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air by moving hot spheres journal January 2017
Laminar flame speeds and kinetic modeling of H2/O2/diluent mixtures at sub-atmospheric and elevated pressures journal January 2017
Propagation speed and stability of spherically expanding hydrogen/air flames: Experimental study and asymptotics journal January 2017
Numerical study of tip opening of hydrogen/air Bunsen flame journal January 2019
Detonation initiation from shock and material interface interactions in hydrogen-air mixtures journal January 2019
Characteristic patterns of thermodiffusively unstable premixed lean hydrogen flames journal January 2019
Ignition by moving hot spheres in H2-O2-N2 environments journal January 2019
Modeling the formation and growth of instabilities during spherical flame propagation journal January 2019
Effect of sandpaper-like small wall roughness on deflagration-to-detonation transition in a hydrogen–oxygen mixture journal January 2019
Ignition of hydrogen-air mixtures under volumetric expansion journal January 2019
Detonation and its limit in small tubes with ozone sensitization journal January 2021
Detonation propagation across a stratified layer with a diffuse interface journal January 2021
Ignition of dimethyl ether/air mixtures by hot particles: Impact of low temperature chemical reactions journal January 2021
Geometric modeling and analysis of detonation cellular stability journal January 2021
Effect of the plasma location on the deflagration-to-detonation transition of a hydrogen–air flame enhanced by nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges journal January 2021
Ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen by water hammer journal January 2021
Effect of boundary layer losses on 2D detonation cellular structures journal January 2021
Enhanced DDT mechanism from shock-flame interactions in thin channels journal January 2021
Deflagration-to-detonation transition in an unconfined space: Expanding hydrogen-oxygen flames journal January 2021
How fast can we burn, 2.0 journal January 2023
Strong flame acceleration and detonation limit of hydrogen-oxygen mixture at cryogenic temperature journal January 2023
Induction zone length measurements by laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide in hydrogen-air detonations journal January 2023
A numerical study on the influence of increased instability of quasi-detonation on the critical tube diameter phenomenon journal January 2023
A review of the properties and hazards of some alternative fuels journal November 2008
Large scale high pressure jet fires involving natural gas and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures journal March 2012
The safety of the future hydrogen economy journal November 2011
Large scale experiments to study fires following the rupture of high pressure pipelines conveying natural gas and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures journal January 2013
The effect of porous coating on the flame acceleration in hydrogen–air mixture journal May 2020
Effect of channel geometry and porous coverage on flame acceleration in hydrogen–air mixture journal July 2021
Premixed flame propagation in hydrogen explosions journal January 2018
The role of unsteadiness in direct initiation of gaseous detonations journal October 2000
Asymptotic theory of evolution and failure of self-sustained detonations journal February 2005
A numerical study of detonation diffraction journal January 1999
On transition to cellularity in expanding spherical flames journal July 2007
Gaseous detonation propagation in a bifurcated tube journal March 2008
On the direct initiation of gaseous detonations by an energy source journal October 1994
The role of global curvature on the structure and propagation of weakly unstable cylindrical detonations journal January 2017
The role of multidimensional instabilities in direct initiation of gaseous detonations in free space journal January 2017
Hydrodynamic ejection caused by laser-induced optical breakdown journal February 2020
Role of transversal concentration gradient in detonation propagation journal February 2019
The re-initiation mechanism of detonation diffraction in a weakly unstable gaseous mixture journal May 2020
Asymptotic analysis of the critical dynamics of spherical gaseous detonations journal March 2021
Theoretical analysis on the transient ignition of a premixed expanding flame in a quiescent mixture journal August 2021
Theoretical analysis on the ignition of a combustible mixture by a hot particle journal February 2022
Direct detonation initiation in hydrogen/air mixture: effects of compositional gradient and hotspot condition journal September 2023
Progress and Prospective of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuels journal June 2020
Comparison of Flame Propagation in a Tube with a Flexible/Rigid Obstacle journal September 2016
Spark Ignition. Effect of Molecular Structure. journal November 1952
IGNITION OF NATURAL GAS-AIR MIXTURES BY HEATED METAL BARS1 journal October 1927
Large Eddy Simulation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion Using   Flame Surface Wrinkling Model journal January 2004
Modeling and Large Eddy Simulation of Deflagration Dynamics in a Closed Vessel journal March 2004
An analysis of the explosion limits of hydrogen/oxygen mixtures with nonlinear chain reactions journal January 2018
Analysis of the ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures induced by a hot particle journal January 2022
Predicted spacings in hydrogen-oxygen-argon detonations journal August 1974
A Mechanical Theory of Spinning Detonation journal June 1952
Investigation of Spinning Detonation and Detonation Stability journal January 1961
Turbulent Structure of Gaseous Detonation journal April 1961
Structure of Detonation Waves in Gases journal January 1962
Kinetic Studies of Hydroxyl Radicals in Shock Waves. II. Induction Times in the Hydrogen-Oxygen Reaction journal November 1958
Gaseous Detonation. I. Initiation of Detonation journal September 1951
Gas temperature of capacitance spark discharge in air journal June 2005
Fundamental Equations of State for Parahydrogen, Normal Hydrogen, and Orthohydrogen journal September 2009
Impact of the Lewis number on finger flame acceleration at the early stage of burning in channels and tubes journal August 2019
Compressible flow in a Noble–Abel stiffened gas fluid journal May 2020
Numerical characterization of under-expanded cryogenic hydrogen gas jets journal September 2020
Linear stability analysis of one-dimensional detonation coupled with vibrational relaxation journal December 2020
The influence of the equation of state on the cellular structure of gaseous detonations journal March 2021
On the self-similarity of diffracting gaseous detonations and the critical channel width problem journal June 2021
Direct detonation initiation: A comparison between the critical curvature and critical decay rate models journal September 2021
Ray-tracking methods for characterizing the dynamics of curved detonation journal June 2022
Exploring the controlling mechanisms for gradient evolution in unsteady detonation flows journal July 2022
Cellular Structure of Explosion Flames: Modeling and Large-Eddy Simulation journal May 2004
Spontaneous Ignition of Pressurized Releases of Hydrogen and Natural gas into air journal March 2007
Induction Delay Times and Detonation Cell Size Prediction of Hydrogen-Nitrous Oxide-Diluent Mixtures journal September 2008
Experimental Study of the Preheat Zone Formation and Deflagration to Detonation Transition journal October 2010
Effect of Ignition Location, Vent Size, and Obstacles on Vented Explosion Overpressures in Propane-Air Mixtures journal October 2010
Two-Dimensional Simulation on Propagation Mechanism of H2/O2Cylindrical Detonation with a Detailed Reaction Model: Influence of Initial Energy and Propagation Mechanism journal October 2010
Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Hydrogen/Air Mixtures with a Concentration Gradient journal October 2012
Ignition by Mechanical Sparks: Ignition of Hydrogen/Air Mixtures by Submillimeter-Sized Hot Particles journal September 2014
Flame Acceleration in Hydrogen/Air Mixtures with Concentration Gradients journal September 2014
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition with a Detailed Chemical Reaction Model journal September 2014
On the Rational Interpretation of Data on Laminar Flame Speeds and Ignition Delay Times journal December 2014
Chemical Kinetics of n-Hexane-Air Atmospheres in the Boundary Layer of a Moving Hot Sphere journal October 2016
Hot Surface Ignition of n-Hexane Mixtures Using Simplified Kinetics journal October 2016
Assessment of Vibrational Non-Equilibrium Effect on Detonation Cell Size journal November 2016
Ignition of combustible mixtures by hot particles at varying relative speeds journal March 2018
Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Detonation Transition with Multi-Step Reaction Model: Effects of Obstacle Height journal August 2018
Flame Propagation in a Narrow Closed Channel: Effects of Aspect Ratios, Blockage Ratio, and Mixture Reactivity on Flame Speed and Pressure Dynamics journal April 2019
Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Pipe Section Size on Hydrogen Flame Propagation Process in Closed Pipe journal September 2019
Effects of Particle Size on the Ignition of Static CH4/Air and H2/Air Mixtures by Hot Particles journal July 2020
Assessing ignitions of explosive gas mixtures by low-energetic electrical discharges using OH-LIF and 1D-simulations journal June 2021
Flame Acceleration and DDT in a Channel with Continuous Triangular Obstacles: Effect of Blockage Ratio journal September 2022
The Structure and Concentration Decay of High Pressure Jets of Natural Gas journal April 1984
Velocity Decay of High Pressure Jets journal March 1987
Vented Explosion of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures in a Large Volume journal August 1989
Detonation Properties of Gases at Elevated Initial Pressures journal January 1995
Detonation Wave Structure of Gases at Elevated Initial Pressures journal January 1995
Gas Dynamic Features of Self Ignition of Non Diluted Fuel/Air Mixtures at High Pressure journal March 1996
Combustion of Hydrogen-Air-Steam Mixtures in the Presence of Repeated Obstacles in a Confined Volume journal July 1997
Assessment of the constant non-unity Lewis number assumption in chemically-reacting flows journal May 2016
The role of spontaneous waves in the deflagration-to-detonation transition in submillimetre channels journal November 2016
Numerical studies on autoignition and detonation development from a hot spot in hydrogen/air mixtures journal October 2019
Theoretical analysis of the evolution from ignition kernel to flame ball and planar flame journal April 2007
LXV.The ignition of gaseous mixtures by hot particles journal April 1937
I. The ignition of inflammable Oases by hot moving particles journal July 1939
XLII. The ignition of inflammable gases by hot moving particles journal December 1940
Comparison of different optimization techniques for microwave-assisted biodiesel production journal December 2020
Critical tube measurements at elevated initial mixture temperatures journal May 2002
Instabilities in detonation waves near the limits of propagation journal December 1977
Temporal investigation of a fast spark discharge in chemically inert gases journal April 1997
Shock generated vorticity in spark discharges journal May 2021
Geometrical study of spark ignition in two dimensions journal December 2000
Measurement of minimum ignition energy in hydrogen-oxygen-nitrogen premixed gas by spark discharge journal June 2011
On the structure of combustion waves in poorly premixed gaseous mixture journal September 2017
Hydrogen-oxygen flame acceleration and transition to detonation in channels with no-slip walls for a detailed chemical reaction model journal May 2011
Regimes of chemical reaction waves initiated by nonuniform initial conditions for detailed chemical reaction models journal May 2012
Evolution of wave patterns and temperature field in shock-tube flow journal May 2018
Analysis of nonequidiffusive premixed flames in obstructed channels journal June 2019
Diffraction of weakly unstable detonation through an obstacle with different sizes and shapes journal April 2021
Physical Mechanism of Ultrafast Flame Acceleration journal October 2008
Spontaneous Transition of Turbulent Flames to Detonations in Unconfined Media journal July 2011
Quantum Phenomena in Ignition and Detonation at Elevated Density journal October 2012
Facilitated Ignition in Turbulence through Differential Diffusion journal July 2014
Unexpected Propagation of Ultra-Lean Hydrogen Flames in Narrow Gaps journal May 2020
Thermal and Flow Fields Modeling of Fast Spark Discharges in Air journal June 2006
Detonation Cell Widths in Hydrogen/Oxygen/Diluent Mixtures at Low Initial Pressures journal March 1995
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in a Full-Scale Konvoi-Type Pressurized Water Reactor journal July 2017
Hydrogen–Air–Steam Deflagration Experiment Simulated Using Different Turbulent Flame-Speed Closure Models journal May 2018
A Laminar Burning Velocity Correlation for Hydrogen/Air Mixtures Valid at Spark-Ignition Engine Conditions conference January 2003
Hydrogen-Air Deflagration in the Presence of Longitudinal Concentration Gradients conference November 2013
A criterion for detonation initiation in gas mixtures journal October 2008
Deflagration-to-detonation transition in spiral channels journal October 2017
The effect of reflected acoustic disturbances on flame front acceleration journal November 2015
A numerical modeling of the acceleration of a flame by an additional energy input ahead of its front journal June 2009
Recovery and suppression of the detonation of hydrogen-air mixtures at an obstacle with orifices journal December 2009
Effect of the composition of the combustible mixture on the development of flame front instability journal February 2010
Model of the spark discharge initiation of detonation in a mixture of hydrogen with oxygen journal September 2014
Critical Conditions for Plane-to-Cylindrical Detonation Wave Transformation journal July 2019
Flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition in narrow channels with thin obstacles journal October 2018
Intrinsic Flame Instabilities in Premixed and Nonpremixed Combustion journal January 2007
High‐Resolution Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Mach ReflectionStructures in Detonation Waves in Low‐Pressure H2–O2–Ar Mixtures: A Summary of Results Obtained with the Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework AMROC journal January 2011
Numerical Simulation of the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition in Inhomogeneous Mixtures journal January 2014
Critical Slow Dynamics of Detonation in a Gas with Non-Uniform Initial Temperature and Composition: A Large-Activation-Energy Analysis journal December 2009
Flammability Limits of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures journal April 2012
Numerical Study of Hydrogen Ignition by Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners journal April 2012
Gas dynamics and vorticity generation in laser-induced breakdown of air journal January 2020
Modelling turbulent premixed combustion in the intermediate steady propagation regime journal January 2001
Numerical Simulation of the Ignition of Fuel/Air Gas Mixtures Around Small Hot Particles journal April 2017
Detonation Transition Limit at an Abrupt Area Change Using a Reflecting Board journal March 2007
Critical Decay Time Model for Direct Detonation Initiation Energy in Gaseous Mixtures journal January 2024
Recent Progress, Development Trends, and Consideration of Continuous Detonation Engines journal December 2020
Two-dimensional model for spark discharge simulation in air journal September 1996
On the structure of turbulence and a generalized eddy dissipation concept for chemical reaction in turbulent flow conference January 1981
Analyses of Direct Detonation Initiation with Realistic Finite-Rate Chemistry conference January 2003
Vented Combustion Of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures In A Large Rectangular Volume conference January 2006
Vented Turbulent Combustion of Hydrogen-Air Mixtures in A Large Rectangular Vessel conference January 2009
Detailed Simulations of Shock-Bifurcation and Ignition of an Argon-diluted Hydrogen/Oxygen Mixture in a Shock Tube
  • Ihme, Matthias; Sun, Yong; Deiterding, Ralf
  • 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-538
conference January 2013
Effect of initial flow velocity on the flame propagation in obstructed channels conference January 2015
Unconfined Fast Flames Deflagration to Detonation Transition conference January 2020
Numerical Simulations of DDT Limits in Hydrogen-Air Mixtures in Obstacle Laden Channel journal December 2020
Impact of Radiative Losses on Flame Acceleration and Deflagration to Detonation Transition of Lean Hydrogen-Air Mixtures in a Macro-Channel with Obstacles journal December 2018
A Universal Parameter Quantifying Explosion Hazards, Detonability and Hot Spot Formation: The χ Number conference January 2013
Closing the peroxy acetyl nitrate budget: observations of acyl peroxy nitrates (PAN, PPN, and MPAN) during BEARPEX 2007 journal January 2009

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