Predicting the relative toxicity of metal ions using ion characteristics: Microtox® bioluminescence assay

McCloskey, John T.; Newman, Michael C.; Clark, Sue B.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620151011

Predicting the relative toxicity of metal ions using ion characteristics: Microtox® bioluminescence assay

Journal Article · Tue Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1996 · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620151011· OSTI ID:2496817

McCloskey, John T.; Newman, Michael C.; Clark, Sue B.

Abstract

Quantitative structure—activity relationships have been used to predict the relative toxicity of organic compounds. Although not as common, ion characteristics have also proven useful for predicting the relative toxicity of metal ions. The purpose of this study was to determine if the relative toxicity of metal ions using the Microtox® bioassay was predictable using ion characteristics. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) were determined for 20 metals in a NaNO3 medium, which reflected freshwater speciation conditions, using the Microtox bacterial assay. The log of EC50 values was modeled using several ion characteristics, and Akaike's Information Criterion was calculated to determine which ion characteristics provided the best fit. Whether modeling total ion (unspeciated) or free ion (speciated) EC50 values, the one variable which best modeled EC50s was the softness index (σp, i.e., [coordinate bond energy of the metal fluoride — coordinate bond energy of the metal iodide]/[coordinate bond energy of the metal fluoride]), while a combination of χ2mr (χm = electronegativity, r = Pauling ionic radius) and |log KOH| (absolute value of the log of the first hydrolysis constant, KOH for Mn+ + H2O → MOHn−1 + H+) was the best two-variable model. Other variables, including ΔE0 and χ2mr (one-variable models) and (ΔN/ΔIP, ΔE0) and (χ2mr, Z2/r) (two-variable models), also gave adequate fits. Modeling with speciated (free ion) versus unspeciated (total ion) EC50 values did not improve fits. Modeling mono-, di-, and trivalent metal ions separately improved the models. We conclude that ion characteristics can be used to predict the relative toxicity of metal ions whether in freshwater (NaNO3 medium) or saltwater (NaCl medium) speciation conditions and that this approach can be applied to metal ions varying widely in both valence and binding tendencies.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

OSTI ID:: 2496817

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 474293

Journal Information:: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Journal Name: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 15; ISSN 0730-7268

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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