Aircraft Measurements from a U.S. Western Wildfire Demonstrating Day and Night Differences in the Chemical Composition and Optical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols and Their Atmospheric Evolution

Rivera-Adorno, Felipe A.; Azzarello, Lisa; Robinson, Michael A.; Decker, Zachary C. J.; Washenfelder, Rebecca A.; Hayden, Katherine; Franchin, Alessandro; Holmes, Christopher D.; Young, Cora J.; Fredrickson, Carley D.; Palm, Brett; Schmidt, Chris; Soja, Amber; Gargulinski, Emily; Brown, Steven S.; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Laskin, Alexander

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00215

Aircraft Measurements from a U.S. Western Wildfire Demonstrating Day and Night Differences in the Chemical Composition and Optical Properties of Biomass Burning Aerosols and Their Atmospheric Evolution

Journal Article · Mon Dec 23 00:00:00 EST 2024 · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00215· OSTI ID:2496203

^[1]; ^[2]; Robinson, Michael A. ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[4]; Hayden, Katherine ^[5]; Franchin, Alessandro ^[6]; ^[7]; ^[2]; ^[8]; ^[8]; Schmidt, Chris ^[9]; ^[10]; ^[11]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[1]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
York Univ., Toronto, ON (Canada)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States); Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO (United States)
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON (Canada). Air Quality Research Division
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Boulder, CO (United States)
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA (United States)
National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA (United States)

The composition and transformations of biomass burning aerosols (BBA) have been measured onboard the NOAA Twin Otter research aircraft during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality field study. Here, we analyze real-time aerosol mass spectrometry measurements across three flights during the afternoon, late afternoon, and night of August 28, 2019, for one midsized wildfire. Analysis of several metrics showed that the aerosol composition and optical properties varied depending on the burning conditions at the fire zone and the time of day the BBA was emitted, with substantial variations in the available sunlight. The total aerosol mass loadings were dominated by organic components with a much smaller contribution from inorganic species. A gradual buildup of organic material was observed during the afternoon as the plume aged, indicating the condensation of photochemically formed low-volatility oxidized organic compounds. Highly hygroscopic ammonium nitrate was the main inorganic component, suggesting potential water content in BBA particles and the likelihood of their aqueous-phase reactivity. Depletions of particle-phase NO₃^– and Cl^– relative to carbon monoxide were observed in the late afternoon and nighttime plumes, respectively, aligning with known gas-particle partitioning thermodynamics and the heterogeneous chemistry of dissolved nitrate and chloride. The wavelength-dependent light absorption by aerosol species was higher for the plume sampled at night and showed no significant changes with plume age, despite observed trends in composition and mass downwind. These differences in particle composition and optical properties demonstrate that the processes involved in BBA aging are not uniform for the same wildfire over the course of the day and depend highly on when the BBA was emitted, as well as the burning phase at the emissions source.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center

Sponsoring Organization:: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Contributing Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021977

OSTI ID:: 2496203

Journal Information:: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Name: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2472-3452

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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