Extended-MHD simulations of disruption mitigation via massive gas injection in SPARC

Kleiner, A.; Ferraro, N. M.; Sweeney, R.; Lyons, B. C.; Reinke, M.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ad9ec4

Extended-MHD simulations of disruption mitigation via massive gas injection in SPARC

Journal Article · Mon Dec 30 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad9ec4· OSTI ID:2484222

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Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA (United States)
General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Cambridge, MA (United States)

Recent developments to the M3D-C1 code enable higher fidelity modeling of disruptions, and can be applied in the design verification of reactor-scale tokamaks. Among these new capabilities is a method to mesh conducting vessel structures such as coils and passive plates, packing of the toroidal mesh around gas injectors, as well as anisotropic resistivity inside the vessel structures. We present extended-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of disruption mitigation via massive gas injection (MGI) in SPARC. The goal of this study is to inform the disruption mitigation layout of SPARC and aid in the design of an effective gas injector configuration. Fully three-dimensional simulations with M3D-C1 are carried out for various injector configurations with the primary goal of determining the effect of different MGI parameters on heat loads and vessel forces. The simulations include a model for impurity ionization, recombination, advection and radiation, as well as spatially resolved conducting structures around the plasma. A localized mixture of deuterium and neon with a small toroidal and poloidal width is injected in up to six locations. We demonstrate that M3D-C1 can model a rapid shutdown via MGI using narrow and more realistic gas plumes than in previous simulations. As a result of the q = 1 surface in the SPARC baseline case a sawtooth is observed early in the simulations. Despite the sawtooth and the onset of edge MHD instabilities, the impurity distribution remains localized around the injector locations, but enables a radiative shutdown of the plasma. We find that using the maximum of six gas injectors results in a lower peaking factor and leads to a more even distribution of radiation toroidally than using two injectors.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2484222

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2504544

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Journal Name: Nuclear Fusion Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 65; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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