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COBRA, an Arabidopsis Extracellular Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl Inositol-Anchored Protein, Specifically Controls Highly Anisotropic Expansion through Its Involvement in Cellulose Microfibril Orientation

Journal Article · · The Plant Cell (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [6];  [7];  [5];  [3];  [6]
  1. Duke University, Durham, NC (United States); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France)
  2. New York University, NY (United States)
  3. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Australian National University (Australia)
  4. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
  5. University of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  6. Duke University, Durham, NC (United States)
  7. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
The orientation of cell expansion is a process at the heart of plant morphogenesis. Cellulose microfibrils are the primary anisotropic material in the cell wall and thus are likely to be the main determinant of the orientation of cell expansion. COBRA (COB) has been identified previously as a potential regulator of cellulose biogenesis. In this study, characterization of a null allele, cob-4, establishes the key role of COB in controlling anisotropic expansion in most developing organs. Quantitative polarized-light and field-emission scanning electron microscopy reveal that loss of anisotropic expansion in cob mutants is accompanied by disorganization of the orientation of cellulose microfibrils and subsequent reduction of crystalline cellulose. Analyses of the conditional cob-1 allele suggested that COB is primarily implicated in microfibril deposition during rapid elongation. Immunodetection analysis in elongating root cells revealed that, in agreement with its substitution by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, COB was polarly targeted to both the plasma membrane and the longitudinal cell walls and was distributed in a banding pattern perpendicular to the longitudinal axis via a microtubule-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, our observations suggest that COB, through its involvement in cellulose microfibril orientation, is an essential factor in highly anisotropic expansion during plant morphogenesis.
Research Organization:
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-03ER15421
OSTI ID:
2483280
Journal Information:
The Plant Cell (Online), Journal Name: The Plant Cell (Online) Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 17; ISSN 1532-298X
Publisher:
American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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