Tuning acidity in silica-overcoated oxides for hydroalkoxylation

Wolek, Andrew T.Y.; Hicks, Kenton E.; Notestein, Justin M.

doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2023.06.008

Tuning acidity in silica-overcoated oxides for hydroalkoxylation

Journal Article · Sat Jul 08 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Catalysis

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2023.06.008· OSTI ID:2482305

^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]

Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (United States)

Mixed oxides are ubiquitious solid acid catalysts for a number of transformations. Here, the chemistry of mixed oxide interfaces was experimentally probed by constructing model SiO₂ on MO_x interfaces using a liquid-phase, stoichiometrically-controlled deposition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Catalytically active Brønsted sites were generated in four series of overcoated SiO₂ on metal oxide materials prepared by depositing TEOS onto Al₂O₃, anatase TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, and ZrO₂. Pyridine DRIFTS studies indicate that the acidity of deposited silanol groups was enhanced by interaction with the metal oxide surface, suggesting that pseudo-bridging silanol type structures were formed. Trimethylphosphine oxide (TMPO) ³¹P NMR experiments showed that Brønsted acid strength varied in the overcoated materials, with increasing strength in the following order: SiO₂/ZrO₂ < SiO₂/TiO₂ < SiO₂/Nb₂O₅ < SiO₂/Al₂O₃. This order correlated with the Lewis acidity and chemical hardness of the underlying metal oxides. The catalytic performance of the materials was evaluated in the liquid-phase hydroalkoxylation of dihydropyran with n-octanol, revealing that activity was highly dependent on SiO₂ loading, which impacted the density of acid sites, and scaled exponentially with Brønsted acid strength, determined by the core metal oxide identity. Brønsted acid strength appears to be the key driver of the materials’ activity, with the highest areal rate of 2.2 mmol / m² – h being measured over SiO₂/Al₂O₃. Furthermore, this study shows that SiO₂-overcoated materials are a systematically tunable class of catalysts that can be applied to acid catalyzed reactions.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-03ER15457; SC0012702

OSTI ID:: 2482305

Journal Information:: Journal of Catalysis, Journal Name: Journal of Catalysis Vol. 426; ISSN 0021-9517

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (82)

Atomic Layer Deposition on Dispersed Materials in Liquid Phase by Stoichiometrically Limited Injections Le Monnier, Benjamin P.; Wells, Frederick; Talebkeikhah, Farzaneh Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201904276	journal	November 2019
Pseudo-Bridging Silanols as Versatile Brønsted Acid Sites of Amorphous Aluminosilicate Surfaces Chizallet, Céline; Raybaud, Pascal Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 121, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200804580	journal	January 2009
Acidity Scale for Metal Oxides and Sanderson's Electronegativities of Lanthanide Elements Jeong, Nak Cheon; Lee, Ji Sun; Tae, Eunju Lee Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 47, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200803837	journal	December 2008
Pseudo-Bridging Silanols as Versatile Brønsted Acid Sites of Amorphous Aluminosilicate Surfaces Chizallet, Céline; Raybaud, Pascal Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 48, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200804580	journal	January 2009
Highly Dispersed SiO _x /Al ₂ O ₃ Catalysts Illuminate the Reactivity of Isolated Silanol Sites Mouat, Aidan R.; George, Cassandra; Kobayashi, Takeshi Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 54, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201505452	journal	September 2015
Creation of Brønsted Acidity by Grafting Aluminum Isopropoxide on Silica under Controlled Conditions: Determination of the Number of Brønsted Sites and their Turnover Frequency for m‐Xylene Isomerization Caillot, Maxime; Chaumonnot, Alexandra; Digne, Mathieu ChemCatChem, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201300824	journal	January 2014
Acidity of Amorphous Silicaâ€“Alumina: From Coordination Promotion of Lewis Sites to Proton Transfer Chizallet, CÃ©line; Raybaud, Pascal ChemPhysChem, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200900797	journal	January 2010
Origin of Nb₂O₅ Lewis Acid Catalysis for Activation of Carboxylic Acids in the Presence of a Hard Base Hirunsit, Pussana; Toyao, Takashi; Siddiki, S. M. A. Hakim ChemPhysChem, Vol. 19, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201800723	journal	September 2018
Slowing the Kinetics of Alumina Sol-Gel Chemistry for Controlled Catalyst Overcoating and Improved Catalyst Stability and Selectivity Du, Yuan-Peng; Héroguel, Florent; Luterbacher, Jeremy S. Small, Vol. 14, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201801733	journal	July 2018
Simultaneous Quantification of Brønsted- and Lewis-Acid Sites in a USY Zeolite Sutovich, Kevin J.; Peters, Alan W.; Rakiewicz, Edward F. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 183, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1998.2379	journal	April 1999
Use of delaminated zeolites (ITQ-2) and mesoporous molecular sieves in the production of fine chemicals: Preparation of dimethylacetals and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols Rodriguez, I.; Climent, M.; Iborra, S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 192, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.2000.2861	journal	June 2000
An NMR study of acid sites on sulfated-zirconia catalysts using trimethylphosphine as a probe Lunsford, Jack H.; Sang, Hong; Campbell, Sharelle M. Catalysis Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00813917	journal	January 1994
Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation Hanaor, Dorian A. H.; Sorrell, Charles C. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 46, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5113-0	journal	December 2010
Isopropylamine adsorption for the characterization of acid sites in silica-alumina catalysts Tittensor, J. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 138, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(92)90318-C	journal	December 1992
FT-IR study of the brønsted acidity of phosphated and sulphated silica catalysts Lion, M.; Maache, M.; Lavalley, J. C. Journal of Molecular Structure, Vol. 218 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(90)80303-2	journal	March 1990
Formation of new acid sites in dilute oxide solid solutions: A predictive model Kung, Harold H. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(84)90191-9	journal	April 1984
Is the bet equation applicable to microporous adsorbents? Rouquerol, J.; Llewellyn, P.; Rouquerol, F. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2991(07)80008-5	book	September 2007
Control of mixed oxide textural and acidic properties by the sol-gel method Miller, James B.; Ko, Edmond I. Catalysis Today, Vol. 35, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(96)00161-7	journal	March 1997
Vanadyl(IV) acetate: a mild and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols, thiols and phenols Choudary, B. M.; Neeraja, V.; Lakshmi Kantam, M. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Vol. 175, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381-1169(01)00202-3	journal	October 2001
Phenol tetrahydropyranylation catalyzed by silica-alumina supported heteropolyacids with Keggin structure Romanelli, G.; Vázquez, P.; Pizzio, L. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 261, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2003.10.043	journal	April 2004
Solvent effect in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of acetophenone over Ni/SiO2: A comprehensive study of the phenomenon Bertero, Nicolás M.; Trasarti, Andrés F.; Apesteguía, Carlos R. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 394, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.01.003	journal	February 2011
Comprehensive IR study on acid/base properties of metal oxides Tamura, Masazumi; Shimizu, Ken-ichi; Satsuma, Atsushi Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 433-434 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.05.008	journal	August 2012
FT-IR spectroscopy study of HNCO adsorption and hydrolysis over oxide-based samples dedicated to deNO x processes Barreau, M.; Courtois, X.; Can, F. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 552 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.12.019	journal	February 2018
Catalyst stabilization by stoichiometrically limited layer-by-layer overcoating in liquid media Héroguel, Florent; Le Monnier, Benjamin P.; Brown, Kristopher S. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 218 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.006	journal	December 2017
Which sites are the active sites in TiO2–SiO2 mixed oxides? Notari, Bruno; Willey, Ronald J.; Panizza, Marta Catalysis Today, Vol. 116, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2006.02.086	journal	August 2006
New insights into the development of Brønsted acidity of niobic acid Lebarbier, Vanessa; Houalla, Marwan; Onfroy, Thomas Catalysis Today, Vol. 192, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2012.02.061	journal	September 2012
Direct incorporation of B, Al, and Ga into medium-pore ITH zeolite: Synthesis, acidic, and catalytic properties Shamzhy, Mariya V.; Ochoa-Hernández, Cristina; Kasneryk, Valeryia I. Catalysis Today, Vol. 277 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.10.013	journal	November 2016
Identification of the most active sites for tetrahydropyranylation in zeolites: MFI as a test case Liu, Mingxiu; Veselý, Ondřej; Eliášová, Pavla Catalysis Today, Vol. 345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.017	journal	April 2020
Brønsted acidity of amorphous silica–alumina: The molecular rules of proton transfer Leydier, Fabien; Chizallet, Céline; Chaumonnot, Alexandra Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 284, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2011.08.015	journal	December 2011
Structural and electronic promotion with alkali cations of silica-supported Fe(III) sites for alkane oxidation Prieto-Centurion, Dario; Boston, Andrew M.; Notestein, Justin M. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.09.004	journal	December 2012
Quantifying accessible sites and reactivity on titania–silica (photo)catalysts: Refining TOF calculations Eaton, Todd R.; Campos, Michael P.; Gray, Kimberly A. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 309 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2013.09.015	journal	January 2014
Methods for NH3 titration of Brønsted acid sites in Cu-zeolites that catalyze the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 Bates, Shane A.; Delgass, W. Nicholas; Ribeiro, Fabio H. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 312 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2013.12.020	journal	April 2014
Revisiting carbenium chemistry on amorphous silica-alumina: Unraveling their milder acidity as compared to zeolites Leydier, Fabien; Chizallet, Céline; Costa, Dominique Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 325 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.02.012	journal	May 2015
Cyclohexane oxidative dehydrogenation over copper oxide catalysts Nauert, Scott L.; Schax, Fabian; Limberg, Christian Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 341 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2016.07.002	journal	September 2016
Controlled deposition of titanium oxide overcoats by non-hydrolytic sol gel for improved catalyst selectivity and stability Héroguel, Florent; Silvioli, Luca; Du, Yuan-Peng Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 358 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.11.023	journal	February 2018
Enhanced ethanol dehydration on γ-Al2O3 supported cobalt catalyst Srinivasan, Priya D.; Khivantsev, Konstantin; Tengco, John Meynard M. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 373 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.024	journal	May 2019
Creating Brønsted acidity at the SiO2-Nb2O5 interface Wolek, Andrew T. Y.; Ardagh, M. Alexander; Pham, Hien N. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 394 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2020.10.027	journal	February 2021
Uncertainty in pore size distribution derived from adsorption isotherms: II. Adsorption integral approach Madani, S. Hadi; Diaz, Luis H.; Biggs, Mark J. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, Vol. 214 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.04.030	journal	September 2015
Investigating the structure and biocompatibility of niobium and titanium oxides as coatings for orthopedic metallic implants Pradhan, D.; Wren, A. W.; Misture, S. T. Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 58 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.059	journal	January 2016
Atomic-Scale Structure and Its Impact on Chemical Properties of Aluminum Oxide Layers Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition on Silica Kaushik, Monu; Leroy, César; Chen, Zixuan Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c00516	journal	April 2021
Structural, Electronic, and Thermodynamic Properties of the T and B Phases of Niobia: First-Principle Calculations Pinto, Mirele B.; Soares, Antonio Lenito; Mella Orellana, Andy The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 121, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11383	journal	March 2017
Probing Acid–Base Properties of Anatase TiO ₂ Nanoparticles with Dominant {001} and {101} Facets Using Methanol Chemisorption and Surface Reactions Wu, Yiqing; Gao, Feng; Wang, Huamin The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 125, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11107	journal	February 2021
Direct Spectroscopic Evidence for Isolated Silanols in SiO _x /Al ₂ O ₃ and Their Formation Mechanism Mouat, Aidan R.; Kobayashi, Takeshi; Pruski, Marek The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11196	journal	March 2017
Enhanced Hydrothermal Stability of γ-Al ₂ O ₃ Catalyst Supports with Alkyl Phosphonate Coatings Van Cleve, Tim; Underhill, Devon; Veiga Rodrigues, Mariana Langmuir, Vol. 34, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00465	journal	March 2018
Solid-State ³¹P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Interlayer Hydroxide Surfaces of Kaolinite Probed with an Interlayer Triethylphosphine Oxide Monolayer Machida, Shingo; Sohmiya, Minoru; Ide, Yusuke Langmuir, Vol. 34, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01728	journal	October 2018
Tunable Solid Acid Catalyst Thin Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition Canlas, Christian P.; Cheng, Lei; O’Neill, Brandon ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 14, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c09734	journal	September 2022
Understanding Pore Formation in ALD Alumina Overcoats George, Cassandra; Littlewood, Patrick; Stair, Peter C. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 12, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b23256	journal	April 2020
Depositing SiO ₂ on Al ₂ O ₃ : a Route to Tunable Brønsted Acid Catalysts Ardagh, M. Alexander; Bo, Zhenyu; Nauert, Scott L. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b01077	journal	August 2016
Facile Formation of Lactic Acid from a Triose Sugar in Water over Niobium Oxide with a Deformed Orthorhombic Phase Nakajima, Kiyotaka; Hirata, Jun; Kim, Minjune ACS Catalysis, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b03003	journal	December 2017
Isoreticular UTL-Derived Zeolites as Model Materials for Probing Pore Size–Activity Relationship Zhou, Yong; Kadam, Shashikant A.; Shamzhy, Mariya ACS Catalysis, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b00950	journal	April 2019
Existence and Properties of Isolated Catalytic Sites on the Surface of β-Cristobalite-Supported, Doped Tungsten Oxide Catalysts (WO _x /β-SiO ₂ , Na-WO _x /β-SiO ₂ , Mn-WO _x /β-SiO ₂ ) for Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM): A Combined Periodic DFT and Experimental Study Kiani, Daniyal; Sourav, Sagar; Taifan, William ACS Catalysis, Vol. 10, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b05591	journal	March 2020
Size-Selective Synthesis and Stabilization of Small Silver Nanoparticles on TiO ₂ Partially Masked by SiO ₂ Bo, Zhenyu; Eaton, Todd R.; Gallagher, James R. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm504243f	journal	January 2015
Quantitative Lewis/Brönsted Ratios Using DRIFTS Platon, Alexandru; Thomson, William J. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 42, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie030343g	journal	November 2003
31P NMR Study of Powder and Single-Crystal Samples of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate: Effect of Homonuclear Dipolar Coupling Eichele, Klaus; Wasylishen, Roderick E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 98, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/j100063a012	journal	March 1994
Acid sites in zeolite Y: a solid-state NMR and infrared study using trimethylphosphine as a probe molecule Lunsford, Jack H.; Rothwell, William P.; Shen, Wenxia Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 107, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00292a015	journal	March 1985
Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity Parr, Robert G.; Pearson, Ralph G. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 105, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00364a005	journal	December 1983
Intrinsic basicities of ammonia, methylamines, anilines and pyridine from gas-phase proton-exchange equilibriums Briggs, J. P.; Yamdagni, R.; Kebarle, P. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 94, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00769a081	journal	July 1972
Nb₂O₅·nH₂O as a Heterogeneous Catalyst with Water-Tolerant Lewis Acid Sites Nakajima, Kiyotaka; Baba, Yusuke; Noma, Ryouhei Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 12, p. 4224-4227 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja110482r	journal	March 2011
Atomic Description of the Interface between Silica and Alumina in Aluminosilicates through Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations Valla, Maxence; Rossini, Aaron J.; Caillot, Maxime Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b06134	journal	August 2015
Well-Defined Silica-Supported Tungsten(IV)–Oxo Complex: Olefin Metathesis Activity, Initiation, and Role of Brønsted Acid Sites Chan, Ka Wing; Mance, Deni; Safonova, Olga V. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 141, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b09493	journal	October 2019
Elucidation of Active Sites in Aldol Condensation of Acetone over Single-Facet Dominant Anatase TiO ₂ (101) and (001) Catalysts Lin, Fan; Wang, Huamin; Zhao, Yuntao JACS Au, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.0c00028	journal	December 2020
Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate. A mild and efficient catalyst for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols Miyashita, Masaaki; Yoshikoshi, Akira; Grieco, Paul A. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 42, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00443a038	journal	November 1977
Periodic DFT and Atomistic Thermodynamic Modeling of the Surface Hydration Equilibria and Morphology of Monoclinic ZrO ₂ Nanocrystals Piskorz, Witold; Gryboś, Joanna; Zasada, Filip The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 115, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2086335	journal	November 2011
Acidity Characterization of Amorphous Silica–Alumina Hensen, Emiel J. M.; Poduval, Dilip G.; Degirmenci, Volkan The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp309182f	journal	October 2012
Structure of δ-Alumina: Toward the Atomic Level Understanding of Transition Alumina Phases Kovarik, Libor; Bowden, Mark; Genc, Arda The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp500051j	journal	July 2014
Theoretical Predictions of ³¹ P NMR Chemical Shift Threshold of Trimethylphosphine Oxide Absorbed on Solid Acid Catalysts Zheng, Anmin; Zhang, Hailu; Lu, Xin The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp709739v	journal	April 2008
Nanostructured Nb ₂ O ₅ Polymorphs by Electrospinning for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Viet, A. Le; Reddy, M. V.; Jose, R. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9088589	journal	November 2009
In Situ Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Supported Niobium Oxide Catalysts Burcham, Loyd J.; Datka, Jerzy; Wachs, Israel E. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 103, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp990289a	journal	July 1999
Quantification of Water and Silanol Species on Various Silicas by Coupling IR Spectroscopy and in-Situ Thermogravimetry Gallas, Jean-Paul; Goupil, Jean-Michel; Vimont, Alexandre Langmuir, Vol. 25, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/la802688w	journal	May 2009
A Simple, Inexpensive, and Reliable Method for Measuring Brønsted-Acid Site Densities in Solid Acids Kresnawahjuesa, O.; Gorte, R. J.; de Oliveira, D. Catalysis Letters, Vol. 82, Issue 3/4, p. 155-160 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020514911456	journal	January 2002
Solid-state 31P NMR mapping of active centers and relevant spatial correlations in solid acid catalysts Yi, Xianfeng; Ko, Hui-Hsin; Deng, Feng Nature Protocols, Vol. 15, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-020-0385-6	journal	September 2020
The shape of water in zeolites and its impact on epoxidation catalysis Bregante, Daniel T.; Chan, Matthew C.; Tan, Jun Zhi Nature Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00672-4	journal	September 2021
A sustainable route from the renewable myrcene to methyl ethersvia direct hydroalkoxylation Behr, Arno; Johnen, Leif; Neubert, Peter Catal. Sci. Technol., Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CY00359C	journal	January 2012
Recent developments in alkene hydro-functionalisation promoted by homogeneous catalysts based on earth abundant elements: formation of C–N, C–O and C–P bond Rodriguez-Ruiz, Violeta; Carlino, Romain; Bezzenine-Lafollée, Sophie Dalton Transactions, Vol. 44, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5DT00280J	journal	January 2015
The surface acidity of solid oxides and its characterization by IR spectroscopic methods. An attempt at systematization Busca, G. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/a808366e	journal	January 1999
Acid properties of solid acid catalysts characterized by solid-state 31P NMR of adsorbed phosphorous probe molecules Zheng, Anmin; Huang, Shing-Jong; Liu, Shang-Bin Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp20417c	journal	January 2011
Hydrogenated mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 with increased moderate strong Brönsted acidic sites for Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction Li, Sha; Zhou, Hui; Han, Bing Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cy00510g	journal	January 2012
Notes. Crystallization of amorphous silica into quartz Yamaguchi, Osamu; Kanazawa, Takuro; Shimizu, Kiyoshi Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/dt9820001005	journal	January 1982
Evaluated Gas Phase Basicities and Proton Affinities of Molecules: An Update Hunter, Edward P. L.; Lias, Sharon G. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 27, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.556018	journal	May 1998
Infrared Spectra of Surface Hydroxyl Groups and Crystalline Structure of Oxides Tsyganenko, A. A.; Filimonov, V. N. Spectroscopy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1080/00387017208065418	journal	January 1972
Alpo₄and Alpo₄-Al₂O₃as New Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Solvent-Free Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols Campelo, Juan M.; Garcia, Angel; Lafont, Fernando Synthetic Communications, Vol. 22, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1080/00397919208019088	journal	August 1992
A New Hypothesis Regarding the Surface Acidity of Binary Metal Oxides Tanabe, Kozo; Sumiyoshi, Takashi; Shibata, Katsue Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.47.1064	journal	May 1974

Similar Records

Creating Brønsted acidity at the SiO₂-Nb₂O₅ interface

Journal Article · Sun Nov 08 19:00:00 EST 2020 · Journal of Catalysis · OSTI ID:1849443

Direct spectroscopic evidence for isolated silanols in SiO_x/Al₂O₃ and their formation mechanism

Journal Article · Sun Feb 26 19:00:00 EST 2017 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1355896

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Brønsted acids
Hydroalkoxylation
Mixed oxides
Overcoated materials
Tetrahydropyranylation

Tuning acidity in silica-overcoated oxides for hydroalkoxylation

Citation Formats

References (82)

Similar Records

Related Subjects