AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications

Karki, Dolendra; Khanikar, Tulika; Mullurkara, Suraj V.; Naeem, Khurram; Hong, Jun Young; Ohodnicki, Paul

doi:10.1021/acsanm.4c04912

AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications

Journal Article · Sat Nov 23 00:00:00 EST 2024 · ACS Applied Nano Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.4c04912· OSTI ID:2478550

^[1]; Khanikar, Tulika ^[1]; Mullurkara, Suraj V. ^[1]; Naeem, Khurram ^[1]; Hong, Jun Young ^[1]; Ohodnicki, Paul ^[1]

University of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

The AC magnetic field response of the superparamagnetic nano-ferrofluid is an interplay between the Neel and Brownian relaxation processes and is generally quantified via the susceptibility measurements at high frequencies. The high frequency limit is dictated by these relaxation times which need to be shorter than the time scale of the time varying magnetic field for the nano-ferrofluid to be considered in an equilibrium state at each time instant. Even though the high frequency response of ferrofluid has been extensively investigated for frequencies up to GHz range by non-optical methods, harnessing dynamic response by optical means for AC magnetic field sensing in fiber-optic-based sensors-field remains unexplored. Instead, the incorporation of nano-ferrofluid as sensing materials has been only limited to DC magnetic field sensing, often citing their long response time as a limiting factor to AC field sensing. This work reports the finding of high frequency (up to 15 kHz) AC magnetic field sensing capability of nanomagnetic fluid as the cladding material of a fiber-optic multimode interferometry (MMI) structure optimized for the fourth self-imaging spectral response. The key parameter enabling high frequency response is the short response time (<1 ms) achieved by optimizing both the sensing structure and nano-ferrofluid solution. Focus has been imparted on 60 Hz line-frequency profiles of various current/magnetic fields to test the efficacy of these sensors in metering and monitoring current and current-induced magnetic fields in the electrical power grid systems. The magnetic field sensitivity of 240 mV/Gauss per dBm of transmitted power was achieved for 60 Hz field applied via Helmholtz coil, whereas the 60 Hz AC current sensitivity of 2.83 mV/A was measured due to magnetic field induced by current in a straight conducting wire.

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Research Organization:: University of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0009632

OSTI ID:: 2478550

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2481254

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Nano Materials Journal Issue: 23 Vol. 7; ISSN 2574-0970

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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AC magnetometry
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magnetic nanoparticles
multimode interferometry
nano-ferrofluid
optical-fiber current sensor

AC Magnetometry Using Nano-ferrofluid Cladded Multimode Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors for Power Grid Monitoring Applications

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