Imaging Fluorescent Nanoparticles To Probe Photoinduced Charging of a Semiconductor–Solution Interface

Peterson, Eric M.; Harris, Joel M.

doi:10.1021/la402468k

Imaging Fluorescent Nanoparticles To Probe Photoinduced Charging of a Semiconductor–Solution Interface

Journal Article · Fri Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2013 · Langmuir

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/la402468k· OSTI ID:2480676

Peterson, Eric M. ^[1]; Harris, Joel M. ^[1]

University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Optically transparent semiconductors allow simultaneous control of interfacial electrical potential and spectroscopic observation of chemistry near the electrode surface. Care must be taken, however, to avoid unwanted photoexcitation-induced charging of the semiconductor electrode that could influence the results. In this work, we investigate the in situ surface charging by photoexcitation well below the band gap of an optically transparent semiconductor, indium–tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Using total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy, the population of ~100-nm negatively charged carboxylate–polystyrene fluorescent nanoparticles at an ITO–aqueous solution interface could be monitored in situ. At positive applied potentials (~0.7 V versus Ag/AgCl), nanoparticles accumulate reversibly in the electrical double-layer of the ITO surface, and the interfacial nanoparticle populations increase with 488-nm excitation intensity. The potential sensitivity of nanoparticle population exhibited no dependence on excitation intensity, varied from 0.1 to 10 W cm^–2, while the onset potential for particle accumulation shifted by as much as 0.3 V. This shift in surface potential appears to be due to photoexcitation-induced charging of the ITO, even though the excitation radiation photon energy, ~2.4 eV, is well below the primary band gap of ITO, >3.5 eV. A kinetic model was developed to determine the photon order of electron–hole generation relative to the electron–hole recombination. The photoexcitation process was found to be first-order in photon flux, suggesting one-photon excitation of an indirect band gap or defect sites, rather than two-photon excitation into the direct band gap. A control experiment was conducted with red-fluorescent carboxylate–polystyrene particles that were counted using 647-nm excitation, where the photon energy is below the indirect band gap or defect site energy and where the optical absorption of the film vanishes. Furthermore, red illumination between 1 and 15 W cm^–2 produced no detectable shifts in the onset accumulation potential, which is consistent with the negligible optical absorption of the ITO film at this longer wavelength.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG03-93ER14333

OSTI ID:: 2480676

Journal Information:: Langmuir, Journal Name: Langmuir Journal Issue: 38 Vol. 29; ISSN 0743-7463

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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Imaging Fluorescent Nanoparticles To Probe Photoinduced Charging of a Semiconductor–Solution Interface

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