Electric Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Attributes and Development

Technical Report · Fri Nov 01 04:00:00 EDT 2024

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/2478833· OSTI ID:2478833

Powell, Bonnie ^[1]; Johnson, Caley ^[1]; Yip, Arthur ^[1]; Snelling, Amy ^[1]

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1. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Although more established for light-duty vehicles (LDVs), advancements in electric vehicle (EV) charging technology are being made in the medium- and heavy-duty (MD/HD) sector. Progress is also being made with the electrification of MD/HD vehicles, including transit buses, school buses, MD trucks, and HD trucks. The diverse set of operational requirements and duty cycles for each vocation, as well as the range in the size of fleets, present unique charging and infrastructure requirements. This report focuses on charging requirements for MD/HD vehicles and synergies with LDV infrastructure. This analysis leans toward the qualitative rather than quantitative because relevant model inputs are in development and will not be established for a few years, as EV deployments are more mature in the LDV sectors than MD/HD. The report begins with an overview of MD/HD vehicle classes and types of charging, including depot and residential charging, among others (Section 2). Section 3 analyzes the home bases (overnight dwell locations) of existing MD/HD vehicles, with an emphasis on depot and residential home bases, and discusses implications for charging infrastructure. Section 4 discusses the key characteristics for determining if, when, and where MD/HD vehicles can leverage LDV charging infrastructure rather than requiring dedicated chargers. These considerations include electricity demand, connectors, physical space requirements, payment considerations, and impacts on the grid. Section 5 summarizes shared characteristics for MD/HD vehicles that are appropriate for near-term electrification and includes a summary of the outlook of the electric MD/HD vehicle market. The conclusion (Section 6) summarizes the report's findings and outlines areas for future research.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
• DOE Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 2478833
• Report Number(s): NREL/TP--5R00-91571; MainId:93349; UUID:ac462417-aa6f-408a-98f3-60119ecb2f19; MainAdminId:75330
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS
Charging infrastructure
electric vehicles
heavy-duty vehicles
medium-duty vehicles