The multiple depleted mantle components in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain

Harrison, Lauren N.; Weis, Dominique; Garcia, Michael O.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119324

The multiple depleted mantle components in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain

Journal Article · Thu Oct 24 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Chemical Geology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119324· OSTI ID:2477279

Harrison, Lauren N. ^[1]; Weis, Dominique ^[2]; Garcia, Michael O. ^[3]

Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)

Oceanic island basalts are targeted for geochemical study because they provide a direct window into mantle composition and a wealth of information on the dynamics and timescales associated with Earth mixing. Previous studies mainly focused on the shield volcanic stage of oceanic islands and the more fusible, enriched mantle components that are easily distinguished in those basalts. Mantle depleted compositions are typically more difficult to resolve unless large amounts of this material participated in mantle melting (e.g., mid-ocean ridges), or unique processes allow for their compositions to be erupted undiluted, such as very small degrees of melting of a source with minimal fusible enriched components (e.g., rejuvenated basalts) or as xenoliths (e.g., abyssal peridotites). Mantle depleted components, defined here as material with low time-integrated Rb/Sr (low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) and high time-integrated Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios (high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd and ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf) relative to primitive mantle, derive from a potentially very large volume reservoir (up to 80% of the mantle), and therefore need adequate characterization in order estimate the composition of the Earth and mantle-derived melts. Here, this review focuses on mantle depleted compositions in oceanic island basalts using the Hawaiian-Emperor chain as a case study. The Hawaiian-Emperor chain is the ~6000 km long geological record of the deeply sourced Hawaiian mantle plume, active for >81 Myr. Hawaiian volcanism evolves through four volcanic stages as a volcano traverses the Hawaiian plume: alkalic preshield, tholeiitic shield (80–90% volcano volume), alkalic postshield (~1%), and silica undersaturated rejuvenated (<0.1%). We report Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf isotope compositions and trace element concentrations of three rejuvenated Northwest Hawaiian Ridge basalts and compare them to an exhaustive compiled dataset of basalts from the Hawaiian Islands to the Emperor Seamounts. The Northwest Hawaiian Ridge (NWHR) includes 51 volcanoes spanning ~42 m.y. between the bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor chain and the Hawaiian Islands where there is no high-precision isotopic data published on the rejuvenated-stage over ~47% of the chain. NWHR and Hawaiian Island rejuvenated basalts are geochemically similar, indicating a consistent source for rejuvenated volcanism over ~12.5 million years. In contrast, shield-stage basalts from the oldest Emperor Seamounts are more depleted in isotopic composition (i.e., higher ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf, and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd with lower ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ²⁰⁸Pb*/²⁰⁶Pb*) and trace element concentrations (i.e., much lower concentrations of highly incompatible elements) than all other depleted Hawaiian basalts younger than the bend, including NWHR rejuvenated basalts. The strongly depleted source for the oldest Emperor Seamounts (>70 Ma) was likely related to interaction with the Kula-Pacific-Izanagi mid-ocean ridge spreading system active near the Hawaiian plume in the Late Cretaceous. In contrast, the incompatible trace element ratios of NWHR rejuvenated basalts require a distinct source in the Hawaiian mantle plume that was imprinted by ancient (>1 Ga) partial melting, likely ancient recycled oceanic lithosphere. This review of the geochemistry of Hawaiian depleted components documents the need for the sampling of multiple distinctive depleted compositions, each preferentially melted during specific periods of Hawaiian plume activity. This suggests that the composition of depleted components can evolve during the lifetime of the mantle plume, as observed for enriched components in the Hawaiian mantle plume. Changes in the composition of depleted components are dominantly controlled by the upper mantle tectonic configurations at the time of eruption (i.e., proximity to a mid-ocean ridge), as this effect overwhelms the signal imparted by potentially sampling different lower mantle components through time.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2477279

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1775626

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-770460; 961864

Journal Information:: Chemical Geology, Journal Name: Chemical Geology Vol. 532; ISSN 0009-2541

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Mid-Cenozoic Pacific plate motion change: Implications for the Northwest Hawaiian Ridge and circum-Pacific Jicha, Brian R.; Garcia, Michael O.; Wessel, Paul Geology, Vol. 46, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1130/G45175.1	journal	September 2018
A global review and digital database of large-scale extinct spreading centers MacLeod, Sarah J.; Williams, Simon E.; Matthews, Kara J. Geosphere, Vol. 13, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01379.1	journal	April 2017
Genesis of Shatsky and Hess oceanic rises in the pacific ocean as deduced from geologic-geophysical data and numerical modeling Verzhbitskii, E. V.; Lobkovskii, L. I.; Kononov, M. V. Geotectonics, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016852106030071	journal	May 2006
Volcanic and morphological evolution of La Gomera (Canary Islands), based on new K–Ar ages and magnetic stratigraphy: implications for oceanic island evolution Paris, R.; Guillou, H.; Carracedo, J. C. Journal of the Geological Society, Vol. 162, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764904-055	journal	May 2005
Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since Pangea Breakup Müller, R. Dietmar; Seton, Maria; Zahirovic, Sabin Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 44, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211	journal	June 2016
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Lead isotope and trace element variation in Tenerife pumices: evidence for recycling within an ocean island volcano Wolff, J. A.; Palacz, Z. A. Mineralogical Magazine, Vol. 53, Issue 373 https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1989.053.373.01	journal	December 1989
Alteration mineralogy and the effect of acid-leaching on the Pb-isotope systematics of ocean-island basalts Hanano, D.; Scoates, J. S.; Weis, D. American Mineralogist, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2009.2845	journal	January 2009
Petrologic and geochemical variations along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 29 degrees N to 73 degrees N Schilling, J. G.; Zajac, M.; Evans, R. American Journal of Science, Vol. 283, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.283.6.510	journal	June 1983
A Comparison of the Magmatic Evolution of Pacific Intraplate Volcanoes: Constraints on Melting in Mantle Plumes Haase, Karsten M.; Beier, Christoph; Kemner, Fabian Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00242	journal	January 2019
Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior Through Geochemistry White, William Geochemical Perspectives https://doi.org/10.7185/geochempersp.4.2	journal	October 2015

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07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES
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