Geodetic Evidence for Distributed Shear Below the Brittle Crust of the Walker Lane, Western United States

Miller, N. M.; Kreemer, C.; Hammond, W. C.; Blewitt, G.

doi:10.1029/2024JB028848

Geodetic Evidence for Distributed Shear Below the Brittle Crust of the Walker Lane, Western United States

Journal Article · Thu Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB028848· OSTI ID:2477059

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Nevada Geodetic Laboratory Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada Reno NV USA
Nevada Geodetic Laboratory Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada Reno NV USA, Nevada Seismological Laboratory University of Nevada Reno NV USA

Abstract

Models of active deformation of the Earth's crust are predominantly represented with dislocations having a downdip continuation into the lower crust, where the fault slips continuously. This model predicts surface strain accumulation concentrated near the fault during the interseismic period. In an alternative model, faults do not extend beneath the elastic portion of the crust and are accompanied by a wide zone of distributed shear underneath, predicting a more constant strain rate lacking concentrations at the faults. We use high‐precision GPS data collected across the northern and central Walker Lane, USA— a region of complex faulting near the western edge of the Basin and Range Province to evaluate which model is appropriate. Despite the existence of dense continuous and semi‐continuous geodetic networks that have been surveyed for ∼20 years, the horizontal velocities reveal no evidence of localized strain accumulation across the fault surface expressions. Instead, deformation within the Walker Lane is uniformly linear, suggesting that the surface deformation reflects distributed shear within the ductile crust rather than focused deformation at faults. This suggests no downdip extension of the faults below the seismogenic layer. The shear zone is 172 ± 6 km wide in the northernmost Walker Lane narrowing to 116 ± 4 km in the central Walker Lane. The total velocity budget across the shear zone is 7.2 ± 0.1 mm/yr in the north, increasing to 10.1 ± 0.1 mm/yr in the central Walker Lane. We conclude that assuming the presence of lower crustal dislocations when estimating geodetic faults slip rates may be inappropriate.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0009032

OSTI ID:: 2477059

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2466238
OSTI ID: 2577996

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 129; ISSN 2169-9313

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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