Warming but not elevated CO2 depletes soil organic carbon in a temperate rice paddy

Song, Hyeon Ji; Mishra, Umakant; Park, So Yeong; Seo, Young Ho; Turner, Benjamin L.; Galgo, Snowie C.; Kim, Pil Joo

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2024.109333

Warming but not elevated CO₂ depletes soil organic carbon in a temperate rice paddy

Journal Article · Sat Oct 19 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109333· OSTI ID:2476588

Song, Hyeon Ji ^[1]; ^[2]; Park, So Yeong ^[1]; Seo, Young Ho ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Kim, Pil Joo ^[1]

Gyeongsang National University, Jinju (Korea, Republic of)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)

In this article, global climate change has the potential to alter soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in rice paddies, because increases in temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO₂]) both influence the primary input (i.e., net primary production, NPP) and output (i.e. heterotrophic respiration) of carbon (C). We used two types of open-top chambers representing present conditions (+0°C, +0 ppm CO₂) and projected climate change conditions (+2°C, +200 ppm CO₂) to investigate the net effect of climate change on SOC stock in rice paddy. Additional chambers with elevated temperature only (+2°C, +0 ppm CO₂) allowed us to quantify the individual effects of temperature and [CO₂]. We calculated changes in SOC stock using net ecosystem C balance (NECB) analysis (i.e., the balance between C inputs and outputs). Compared to present conditions, projected climate change did not change grain yield due to a trade-off between the effects of warming and [CO₂] on grain yield components. NPP during the fallow season significantly decreased under combined warming and CO₂, as the impact of warming outweighed that of elevated [CO₂]. However, rice NPP remained unchanged during the cropping season. Warming plus elevated CO₂ increased SOC mineralization by 157–429 %, particularly through warming-induced soil CO₂ emission during the fallow season. Consequently, climate change conditions decreased (119–271 %) NECB values compared to present conditions, primarily through the response to warming. Our findings demonstrate that rice paddies represent positive feedback on climate change, because accelerated C release from warmed soils will override C gains from NPP under elevated CO₂. Reducing SOC depletion in rice paddy agriculture under a changing climate therefore requires conservative soil management practices during the fallow season.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Basis Science Research Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2476588

Report Number(s):: SAND--2024-15246J

Journal Information:: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, Journal Name: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment Journal Issue: 109333 Vol. 379; ISSN 0167-8809

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Atmospheric CO2 level
Climate change
Open-top chamber
Rice paddy
SOC stock
Temperature

Warming but not elevated CO2 depletes soil organic carbon in a temperate rice paddy

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Warming but not elevated CO₂ depletes soil organic carbon in a temperate rice paddy