Distributionally Robust Variational Quantum Algorithms With Shifted Noise

He, Zichang; Peng, Bo; Alexeev, Yuri; Zhang, Zheng

doi:10.1109/tqe.2024.3409309

Distributionally Robust Variational Quantum Algorithms With Shifted Noise

Journal Article · Tue Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tqe.2024.3409309· OSTI ID:2475358

^[1]; Peng, Bo ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

Given their potential to demonstrate near-term quantum advantage, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have been extensively studied. Although numerous techniques have been developed for VQA parameter optimization, it remains a significant challenge. A practical issue is the high sensitivity of quantum noise to environmental changes, and its propensity to shift in real time. This presents a critical problem as an optimized VQA ansatz may not perform effectively under a different noise environment. For the first time, we explore how to optimize VQA parameters to be robust against unknown shifted noise. We model the noise level as a random variable with an unknown probability density function (PDF), and we assume that the PDF may shift within an uncertainty set. This assumption guides us to formulate a distributionally robust optimization problem, with the goal of finding parameters that maintain effectiveness under shifted noise. We utilize a distributionally robust Bayesian optimization solver for our proposed formulation. This provides numerical evidence in both the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) with hardware-efficient ansatz, indicating that we can identify parameters that perform more robustly under shifted noise. We regard this work as the first step towards improving the reliability of VQAs influenced by real-time noise.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357; AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2475358

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--189660

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering Vol. 5; ISSN 2689-1808

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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