Effects of Al concentration on the structure and conductivity of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide

Moy, Alexandra C.; Manjón-Sanz, Alicia; Caracciolo, Tori C.; Lobanov, Maxim V.; Veith, Gabriel M.; Sakamoto, Jeff

doi:10.1039/d4ta04862h

Effects of Al concentration on the structure and conductivity of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide

Journal Article · Wed Sep 25 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ta04862h· OSTI ID:2474732

^[1]; Manjón-Sanz, Alicia ^[2]; Caracciolo, Tori C. ^[3]; Lobanov, Maxim V. ^[4]; ^[2]; ^[5]

Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Cubic Li_7-3xAl_xLa₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) is a promising, next-generation solid electrolyte due to its stability with Li-metal and high bulk conductivity (~1 mS cm^-1). However, the source of the high conductivity is not completely understood. In this work, we address this key knowledge gap through the integration of elemental analysis, neutron diffraction sensitive to Li and O atoms, and impedance spectroscopy to understand the structure–property correlations for LLZO. We show the metal–oxygen framework structure remains constant with variation in Al substitution, resulting in a constant activation energy of ~0.35 eV and little effect on the bulk conductivity. Instead, Li concentration, Al blocking and trapping of mobile defects, and Li–Li nearest neighbor interactions largely control the Al substituted LLZO bulk conductivity, resulting in decreases from 0.73 to 0.22 mS cm^-1 as the Al concentration increases from 0.17 to 0.32 mol. These results differ from those of Ta substituted LLZO, where the framework structure and Li–Li site distances play large roles in controlling the conductivity. The increased understanding of the controlling factors of conductivity allows for greater ability to tailor the design of and substitution into the LLZO structure for improved conductivity.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists (WDTS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2474732

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2472980

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A Journal Issue: 41 Vol. 12; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (76)

A Tale of Two Sites: On Defining the Carrier Concentration in Garnet-Based Ionic Conductors for Advanced Li Batteries Thompson, Travis; Sharafi, Asma; Johannes, Michelle D. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500096	journal	March 2015
Fast Lithium Ion Conduction in Garnet-Type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ Murugan, Ramaswamy; Thangadurai, Venkataraman; Weppner, Werner Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 46, Issue 41, p. 7778-7781 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200701144	journal	October 2007
Resolving the Grain Boundary and Lattice Impedance of Hot-Pressed Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnet Electrolytes Tenhaeff, Wyatt E.; Rangasamy, Ezhiyl; Wang, Yangyang ChemElectroChem, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201300022	journal	July 2013
Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet-type solid electrolytes for solid-state Li-Ion batteries Ashuri, Mahnaz; Golmohammad, Mohammad; Soleimany Mehranjani, Alireza Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Vol. 32, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05353-3	journal	February 2021
Effect of bottleneck size on lithium migration in lithium garnets Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Chen, Fei; Xu, Like; Li, Junyang Ionics, Vol. 26, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03582-w	journal	May 2020
Digestion processes and elemental analysis of oxide and sulfide solid electrolytes Malkowski, Thomas F.; Boeding, Ethan D.; Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina Ionics, Vol. 28, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-022-04536-0	journal	April 2022
Oxygen ion conduction and structural disorder in conductive oxides Tuller, Harry L. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 55, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(94)90566-5	journal	December 1994
High Li-ion conductivity of Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 synthesized by solid-state reaction Hu, Zhongli; Liu, Hongdong; Ruan, Haibo Ceramics International, Vol. 42, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.04.149	journal	August 2016
Phase transformation and grain-boundary segregation in Al-Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramics Zhuang, Libin; Huang, Xiao; Lu, Yang Ceramics International, Vol. 47, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.295	journal	August 2021
Optimizing Li+ transport in Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolytes Parascos, Kade; Watts, Joshua L.; Alarco, Jose A. Ceramics International, Vol. 49, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.04.136	journal	July 2023
Regulation mechanism of bottleneck size on Li+ migration activation energy in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 Zhang, Yanhua; Chen, Fei; Li, Junyang Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 261 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.133	journal	January 2018
Temperature dependent flux balance of the Li/Li7La3Zr2O12 interface Wang, Michael; Wolfenstine, Jeffrey B.; Sakamoto, Jeff Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 296 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.034	journal	February 2019
Ion dynamics in Al-Stabilized Li7La3Zr2O12 single crystals – Macroscopic transport and the elementary steps of ion hopping Posch, Patrick; Lunghammer, Sarah; Berendts, Stefan Energy Storage Materials, Vol. 24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.08.017	journal	January 2020
Thermal expansion in the garnet-type solid electrolyte (Li7−Al/3)La3Zr2O12 as a function of Al content Hubaud, Aude A.; Schroeder, David J.; Ingram, Brian J. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 644 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.05.067	journal	September 2015
Al-incorporation into Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte keeping stabilized cubic phase for all-solid-state Li batteries Im, Changbin; Park, Dongwon; Kim, Hosung Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2017.10.006	journal	September 2018
Correlating the effect of dopant type (Al, Ga, Ta) on the mechanical and electrical properties of hot-pressed Li-garnet electrolyte Han, Gigap; Kinzer, Bryan; Garcia-Mendez, Regina Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 40, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.12.054	journal	May 2020
Al-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ synthesized by a polymerized complex method Jin, Ying; McGinn, Paul J. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 196, Issue 20, p. 8683-8687 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.05.065	journal	October 2011
High conductivity of dense tetragonal Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ Wolfenstine, Jeff; Rangasamy, Ezhiyl; Allen, Jan L. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 208, p. 193-196 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.02.031	journal	June 2012
Synthesis and structure analysis of tetragonal Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ with the garnet-related type structure Awaka, Junji; Kijima, Norihito; Hayakawa, Hiroshi Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 182, Issue 8, p. 2046-2052 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.05.020	journal	August 2009
Lithium garnets: Synthesis, structure, Li + conductivity, Li + dynamics and applications Ramakumar, S.; Deviannapoorani, C.; Dhivya, L. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.04.007	journal	July 2017
Synthesis of garnet-type Li7−xLa3Zr2O12−1/2x and its stability in aqueous solutions Shimonishi, Yuta; Toda, Akiharu; Zhang, Tao Solid State Ionics, Vol. 183, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2010.12.010	journal	February 2011
The role of Al and Li concentration on the formation of cubic garnet solid electrolyte of nominal composition Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ Rangasamy, Ezhiyl; Wolfenstine, Jeff; Sakamoto, Jeffrey Solid State Ionics, Vol. 206, p. 28-32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2011.10.022	journal	January 2012
Interface behavior between garnet-type lithium-conducting solid electrolyte and lithium metal Sudo, R.; Nakata, Y.; Ishiguro, K. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.09.024	journal	September 2014
Insight into lithium distribution in lithium-stuffed garnet oxides through neutron diffraction and atomistic simulation: Li 7-x La 3 Zr 2-x Ta x O 12 (x = 0–2) series Wang, Yuxing; Huq, Ashfia; Lai, Wei Solid State Ionics, Vol. 255 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.11.017	journal	February 2014
High lithium ion conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 synthesized by solid state reaction Lee, Jae-Myung; Kim, Taeyoung; Baek, Seung-Wook Solid State Ionics, Vol. 258 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2014.01.043	journal	May 2014
Effect of lithium ion concentration on the microstructure evolution and its association with the ionic conductivity of cubic garnet-type nominal Li7Al0.25La3Zr2O12 solid electrolytes Zhang, Yanhua; Chen, Fei; Tu, Rong Solid State Ionics, Vol. 284 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2015.11.014	journal	January 2016
Effect of Li+/H+ exchange in water treated Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 Yow, Zhen Feng; Oh, Yuan Liang; Gu, Wenyi Solid State Ionics, Vol. 292 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.05.016	journal	September 2016
The effect of lanthanoid defects on anionic solvation of Li in Li6.5La2+xZr1.5Ta0.5O12 from x = 0 to x = 1.2 garnet Valle, Joseph M.; Sakamoto, Jeff Solid State Ionics, Vol. 345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.115170	journal	February 2020
Kinetic versus Thermodynamic Stability of LLZO in Contact with Lithium Metal Connell, Justin G.; Fuchs, Till; Hartmann, Hannah Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03869	journal	November 2020
Clarifying the Dopant Local Structure and Effect on Ionic Conductivity in Garnet Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Vema, Sundeep; Berge, Astrid H.; Nagendran, Supreeth Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01831	journal	November 2023
Site Occupation of Ga and Al in Stabilized Cubic Li _{7–3( x + y )} Ga _x Al _y La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnets As Deduced from ²⁷ Al and ⁷¹ Ga MAS NMR at Ultrahigh Magnetic Fields Rettenwander, Daniel; Langer, Julia; Schmidt, Walter Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b00684	journal	April 2015
Origin of High Li ⁺ Conduction in Doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnets Chen, Yan; Rangasamy, Ezhiylmurugan; Liang, Chengdu Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02521	journal	August 2015
Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction Bachman, John Christopher; Muy, Sokseiha; Grimaud, Alexis Chemical Reviews, Vol. 116, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563	journal	December 2015
Origin of the Phase Transition in Lithium Garnets Chen, Fei; Li, Junyang; Huang, Zhifeng The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b10911	journal	January 2018
Interfacial Stability of Li Metal–Solid Electrolyte Elucidated via in Situ Electron Microscopy Ma, Cheng; Cheng, Yongqiang; Yin, Kuibo Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03223	journal	October 2016
Atomistic Insight into Ion Transport and Conductivity in Ga/Al-Substituted Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Solid Electrolytes García Daza, Fabián A.; Bonilla, Mauricio R.; Llordés, Anna ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b17217	journal	December 2018
Toward a Fundamental Understanding of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries—An Electrochemo-Mechanical Study on the Garnet-Type Solid Electrolyte Li _6.25 Al _0.25 La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Krauskopf, Thorben; Hartmann, Hannah; Zeier, Wolfgang G. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b02537	journal	March 2019
Electrochemical Window of the Li-Ion Solid Electrolyte Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Thompson, Travis; Yu, Seungho; Williams, Logan ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00593	journal	January 2017
Effect of Surface Microstructure on Electrochemical Performance of Garnet Solid Electrolytes Cheng, Lei; Chen, Wei; Kunz, Martin ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/am508111r	journal	January 2015
Structural, Magnetic, and Transport Properties of the Two Electron-Doped Ruddlesden−Popper Manganites Ca₃_-_xTh_xMn₂O₇ Lobanov, Maxim V.; Li, Siwen; Greenblatt, Martha Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm020470n	journal	February 2003
Lithium Distribution in Aluminum-Free Cubic Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Xie, Hui; Alonso, Jose A.; Li, Yutao Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm201671k	journal	August 2011
Concerted Migration Mechanism in the Li Ion Dynamics of Garnet-Type Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Jalem, Randy; Yamamoto, Yoshihiro; Shiiba, Hiromasa Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm303542x	journal	January 2013
Effect of Rb and Ta Doping on the Ionic Conductivity and Stability of the Garnet Li _{7+2 x – y} (La _{3– x} Rb _x )(Zr _{2– y} Ta _y )O ₁₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.375, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1) Superionic Conductor: A First Principles Investigation Miara, Lincoln J.; Ong, Shyue Ping; Mo, Yifei Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm401232r	journal	July 2013
DFT Study of the Role of Al ³⁺ in the Fast Ion-Conductor Li _{7–3 x} Al ³⁺ _x La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnet Rettenwander, Daniel; Blaha, Peter; Laskowski, Robert Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5000999	journal	April 2014
Switching on Fast Lithium Ion Conductivity in Garnets: The Structure and Transport Properties of Li _{3+ x} Nd ₃ Te _{2− x} Sb _x O ₁₂ O’Callaghan, Michael P.; Powell, Andrew S.; Titman, Jeremy J. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm703677q	journal	March 2008
Crystal Chemistry and Stability of “Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ ” Garnet: A Fast Lithium-Ion Conductor Geiger, Charles A.; Alekseev, Evgeny; Lazic, Biljana Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 50, Issue 3, p. 1089-1097 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic101914e	journal	February 2011
Al/Ga-Doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Garnets as Li-Ion Solid-State Battery Electrolytes: Atomistic Insights into Local Coordination Environments and Their Influence on ¹⁷ O, ²⁷ Al, and ⁷¹ Ga NMR Spectra Karasulu, Bora; Emge, Steffen P.; Groh, Matthias F. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b12685	journal	January 2020
Mechanosynthesis of Solid Electrolytes: Preparation, Characterization, and Li Ion Transport Properties of Garnet-Type Al-Doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Crystallizing with Cubic Symmetry Düvel, Andre; Kuhn, Alexander; Robben, Lars The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp301193r	journal	July 2012
Solid-State Electrolytes: Revealing the Mechanisms of Li-Ion Conduction in Tetragonal and Cubic LLZO by First-Principles Calculations Meier, Katharina; Laino, Teodoro; Curioni, Alessandro The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 118, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5002463	journal	March 2014
Origin of fast ion diffusion in super-ionic conductors He, Xingfeng; Zhu, Yizhou; Mo, Yifei Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15893	journal	June 2017
Synergistic multi-doping effects on the Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte for fast lithium ion conduction Shin, Dong Ok; Oh, Kyungbae; Kim, Kwang Man Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18053	journal	December 2015
The structure of lithium garnets: cation disorder and clustering in a new family of fast Li ⁺ conductors Cussen, Edmund J. Chem. Commun., Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/B514640B	journal	January 2006
Lithium dimer formation in the Li-conducting garnets Li _5+x Ba _x La _3−x Ta ₂ O ₁₂ (0 < x ≤ 1.6) O'Callaghan, Michael P.; Cussen, Edmund J. Chem. Commun., Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1039/B700369B	journal	January 2007
Ion transport and phase transition in Li _7−x La ₃ (Zr _2−x M _x )O ₁₂ (M = Ta ⁵⁺ , Nb ⁵⁺ , x = 0, 0.25) Adams, Stefan; Rao, Rayavarapu Prasada J. Mater. Chem., Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM14588F	journal	January 2012
Tetragonal vs. cubic phase stability in Al – free Ta doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ (LLZO) Thompson, Travis; Wolfenstine, Jeff; Allen, Jan L. J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA02099E	journal	January 2014
A study of suppressed formation of low-conductivity phases in doped Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ garnets by in situ neutron diffraction Chen, Yan; Rangasamy, Ezhiylmurugan; dela Cruz, Clarina R. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 45 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA04902D	journal	January 2015
Impact of air exposure and surface chemistry on Li–Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ interfacial resistance Sharafi, Asma; Yu, Seungho; Naguib, Michael Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03162A	journal	January 2017
A bird's-eye view of Li-stuffed garnet-type Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ ceramic electrolytes for advanced all-solid-state Li batteries Samson, Alfred Junio; Hofstetter, Kyle; Bag, Sourav Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 12, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE01548E	journal	January 2019
The effects of aluminum concentration on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide Moy, Alexandra C.; Häuschen, Grit; Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 10, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA03676B	journal	January 2022
Local structure and lithium-ion diffusion pathway of cubic Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ studied by total scattering and the Reverse Monte Carlo method Tian, Haolai; Cai, Guanqun; Tan, Lei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 11, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TA04495E	journal	January 2023
Structure and dynamics of the fast lithium ion conductor “Li7La3Zr2O12” Buschmann, Henrik; Dölle, Janis; Berendts, Stefan Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cp22108f	journal	January 2011
Experimental visualization of lithium conduction pathways in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 Han, Jiantao; Zhu, Jinlong; Li, Yutao Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 79 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc35089k	journal	January 2012
Crystal and magnetic structure of the Ca ₃ Mn ₂ O ₇ Ruddlesden–Popper phase: neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction study Lobanov, Maxim V.; Greenblatt, Martha; Caspi, El ad N. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 16, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/16/29/023	journal	July 2004
Mechanisms of Li + transport in garnet-type cubic Li 3 + x La 3 M 2 O 12 ( M = Te, Nb, Zr) Xu, Ming; Park, Min Sik; Lee, Jae Myung Physical Review B, Vol. 85, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.052301	journal	February 2012
Origin of the Structural Phase Transition in Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Bernstein, N.; Johannes, M. D.; Hoang, Khang Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.205702	journal	November 2012
Effects of Sublattice Symmetry and Frustration on Ionic Transport in Garnet Solid Electrolytes Kozinsky, Boris; Akhade, Sneha A.; Hirel, Pierre Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.055901	journal	February 2016
GSAS-II : the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package Toby, Brian H.; Von Dreele, Robert B. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 46, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889813003531	journal	March 2013
Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides Shannon, R. D. Acta Crystallographica Section A, Vol. 32, Issue 5, p. 751-767 https://doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476001551	journal	September 1976
POWGEN: rebuild of a third-generation powder diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source Huq, Ashfia; Kirkham, Melanie; Peterson, Peter F. Journal of Applied Crystallography, Vol. 52, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1107/S160057671901121X	journal	October 2019
Reaction mechanisms of lithium garnet pellets in ambient air: The effect of humidity and CO ₂ Xia, Wenhao; Xu, Biyi; Duan, Huanan Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 100, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.14865	journal	April 2017
Dual regulation of Li ⁺ migration of Li _6.4 La ₃ Zr _1.4 M _0.6 O ₁₂ (M = Sb, Ta, Nb) by bottleneck size and bond length of M−O Xiang, Xing; Chen, Fei; Yang, Wenyun Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 103, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16920	journal	December 2019
Effect of Simultaneous Substitution of Alkali Earth Metals and Nb in Li7La3Zr2O12 on Lithium-Ion Conductivity Kihira, Y.; Ohta, S.; Imagawa, H. ECS Electrochemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.001307eel	journal	January 2013
High Ionic Conductivity Lithium Garnet Oxides of Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 Compositions Wang, Yuxing; Lai, Wei Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1149/2.024205esl	journal	January 2012
Crystal Structure of Fast Lithium-ion-conducting Cubic Li ₇ La ₃ Zr ₂ O ₁₂ Awaka, Junji; Takashima, Akira; Kataoka, Kunimitsu Chemistry Letters, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2011.60	journal	January 2011
Powgen: A third-generation highresolution high-throughput powder diffraction instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source Huq, A.; Hodges, J. P.; Gourdon, O. European Powder Diffraction Conference; August 2010, Darmstadt, Germany https://doi.org/10.1524/9783486991321-024	book	December 2011
Lithium-ion conductivity and crystal structure of garnet-type solid electrolyte Li₇₋_xLa₃Zr₂₋_xTa_xO₁₂ using single-crystal Kataoka, Kunimitsu; Akimoto, Junji Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, Vol. 127, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.19022	journal	August 2019

Similar Records

The effects of aluminum concentration on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide

Journal Article · Tue Sep 27 20:00:00 EDT 2022 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:2423973

Irreversible Multielement Diffusion and the Resulting Compositional and Processing Flexibility in the Synthesis and Densification of Lithium Aluminum Lanthanum Zirconium Oxide

Journal Article · Fri Feb 14 19:00:00 EST 2025 · ACS Applied Energy Materials · OSTI ID:2538249

Synthesis and characterization of substituted garnet and perovskite-based lithium-ion conducting solid electrolytes

Journal Article · Tue Sep 29 20:00:00 EDT 2015 · Ionics · OSTI ID:1241462

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Effects of Al concentration on the structure and conductivity of lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide

Citation Formats

References (76)

Similar Records

Related Subjects