Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens

Lee, Chang-Won; Bakre, Abhijeet; Olivier, Timothy L.; Alvarez-Narvaez, Sonsiray; Harrell, Telvin L.; Conrad, Steven J.

doi:10.3390/pathogens12101230

Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens

Journal Article · Sun Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Pathogens

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101230· OSTI ID:2471293

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US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Athens, GA (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS). National Poultry Research Center

To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is a sensor of dsDNA. ODN-1826 is a mimetic of CpG DNA and ligates TLR21 (a chicken homologue of TLR9 in mammals). The activation of TLRs leads to antiviral responses, including the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). In this study, birds were vaccinated intranasally with a live LaSota strain with or without imiquimod or ODN-1826 (50 µg/bird). Two weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged with a virulent Newcastle disease virus (chicken/CA/212676/2002). Both adjuvants (imiquimod or ODN-1826) induced higher and more uniform antibody titers among vaccinated birds compared with the live vaccine-alone group. In addition, adjuvanted vaccines demonstrated greater protective efficacy in terms of the reduction in virus-shedding titer and the number of birds shedding the challenge virus at 2 and 4 days post-challenge. A differential expression of antiviral and immune-related genes was observed among groups from tissues (Harderian gland, trachea, cecal tonsil, and spleen) collected 1 and 3 days after treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of TLR-targeted adjuvants as mucosal vaccine enhancers and warrant a further characterization of immune correlates and optimization for efficacy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of Agriculture; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2471293

Journal Information:: Pathogens, Journal Name: Pathogens Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 12; ISSN 2076-0817; ISSN PATHCD

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Newcastle disease
ODN-1826
imiquimod
interferons
mucosal vaccine
toll-like receptors

Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens

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