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Utilization of microalgae for agricultural runoff remediation and sustainable biofuel production through an integrated biorefinery approach

Journal Article · · Bioresources and Bioprocessing
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9];  [2]
  1. USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (Pakistan)
  2. Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (Pakistan)
  3. Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (Pakistan); Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (Pakistan)
  4. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
  5. Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Emeryville, CA (United States)
  6. Shandong University of Technology, Zibo (China)
  7. King Saud University, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)
  8. Bahir Dar University (Ethiopia)
  9. Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune (Morocco)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Generally wastewater such agricultural runoff is considered a nuisance; however, it could be harnessed as a potential source of nutrients like nitrates and phosphates in integrated biorefinery context. In the current study, microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was used for bioremediation of agricultural runoff and the leftover algal biomass was used as a potential source for production of biofuels in an integrated biorefinery context. The microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was cultivated on Blue Green (BG 11) medium and a comprehensive optimization of different parameters including phosphates, nitrates, and pH was carried out to acquire maximum algal biomass enriched with high lipids content. Dry biomass was quantified using the solvent extraction technique, while the identification of nitrates and phosphates in agricultural runoff was carried out using commercial kits. The algal extracted lipids (oils) were employed in enzymatic trans-esterification for biodiesel production using whole-cell biomass of Bacillus subtilis Q4 MZ841642. The resultant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Subsequently, both the intact algal biomass and its lipid-depleted algal biomass were used for biogas production within a batch anaerobic digestion setup. Interestingly, Chlorella sp. S5 demonstrated a substantial reduction of 95% in nitrate and 91% in phosphate from agricultural runoff. The biodiesel derived from algal biomass exhibited a noteworthy total FAME content of 98.2%, meeting the quality standards set by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European union (EU) standards. Furthermore, the biomethane yields obtained from whole biomass and lipid-depleted biomass were 330.34 NmL/g VSadded and 364.34 NmL/g VSadded, respectively. In conclusion, the findings underscore the potent utility of Chlorella sp. S5 as a multi-faceted resource, proficiently employed in a sequential cascade for treating agricultural runoff, producing biodiesel, and generating biogas within the integrated biorefinery concept.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2470736
Journal Information:
Bioresources and Bioprocessing, Journal Name: Bioresources and Bioprocessing Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 11; ISSN 2197-4365
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

09 BIOMASS FUELS
Bacillus subtilis
anaerobic digestion
biodiesel
biogas
chlorella
lipase