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Exploring the fragmentation efficiency of proteins analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF tandem mass spectrometry using computational and statistical analyses

Journal Article · · PLoS ONE
 [1];  [2]
  1. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, CA (United States); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  2. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Albany, CA (United States)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-TOF) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a rapid technique for identifying intact proteins from unfractionated mixtures by top-down proteomic analysis. MS/MS allows isolation of specific intact protein ions prior to fragmentation, allowing fragment ion attribution to a specific precursor ion. However, the fragmentation efficiency of mature, intact protein ions by MS/MS post-source decay (PSD) varies widely, and the biochemical and structural factors of the protein that contribute to it are poorly understood. With the advent of protein structure prediction algorithms such as Alphafold2, we have wider access to protein structures for which no crystal structure exists. In this work, we use a statistical approach to explore the properties of bacterial proteins that can affect their gas phase dissociation via PSD. We extract various protein properties from Alphafold2 predictions and analyze their effect on fragmentation efficiency. Our results show that the fragmentation efficiency from cleavage of the polypeptide backbone on the C-terminal side of glutamic acid (E) and asparagine (N) residues were nearly equal. In addition, we found that the rearrangement and cleavage on the C-terminal side of aspartic acid (D) residues that result from the aspartic acid effect (AAE) were higher than for E- and N-residues. From residue interaction network analysis, we identified several local centrality measures and discussed their implications regarding the AAE. We also confirmed the selective cleavage of the backbone at D-proline bonds in proteins and further extend it to N-proline bonds. Finally, we note an enhancement of the AAE mechanism when the residue on the C-terminal side of D-, E- and N-residues is glycine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this phenomenon. Our study demonstrates the value of using statistical analyses of protein sequences and their predicted structures to better understand the fragmentation of the intact protein ions in the gas phase.

Research Organization:
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0014664
OSTI ID:
2469778
Journal Information:
PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 5 Vol. 19; ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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