An outbreak of renal failure in asian dogs due to s-triazine adulteration of pet food raw material: Analysis of unique, green kidney stones formed as a result

Campbell, James A.; Franz, James A.; Romanczyk, Leo J.; Wunschel, David J.; Metz, Thomas O.; Petersen, Catherine E.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2024.114878

An outbreak of renal failure in asian dogs due to s-triazine adulteration of pet food raw material: Analysis of unique, green kidney stones formed as a result

Journal Article · Fri Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Food and Chemical Toxicology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114878· OSTI ID:2458224

^[1]; Franz, James A. ^[1]; Romanczyk, Leo J. ^[2]; Wunschel, David J. ^[1]; ^[1]; Petersen, Catherine E. ^[3]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Mars, Inc, Hackettstown, NJ (United States)
Hanford Mission Integration Solutions, Richland, WA (United States)

Renoliths were removed at necropsy from dogs that had died from acute kidney injury in Asia in 2004 and submitted to our laboratories for analysis including elemental composition, mass spectrometry, and microprobe analysis. The presence of a mixed s-triazine matrix comprising melamine, cyanuric acid, and ammelide, but no detectable ammeline, was found in the stone samples we analyzed. The unusual and unique green coloration of these stones was determined to be due to the presence of biliverdin. The occurrence of these green stones distinguished the 2004 incident from another incident in 2007 in the USA and other reported cases. The presence of crystals was reported in renal tubules and collecting ducts in both outbreaks, but no stones were reported in the 2007 incident. Here, this difference suggested a variation in the disease process caused by mixed s- triazine ingestion. Careful monitoring of food additives is warranted to prevent future problems in animals and humans.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2458224

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--195575

Journal Information:: Food and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Name: Food and Chemical Toxicology Vol. 191; ISSN 0278-6915

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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An outbreak of renal failure in asian dogs due to s-triazine adulteration of pet food raw material: Analysis of unique, green kidney stones formed as a result

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