Hydrogen permeation in iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys and the effects of microstructure and surface oxide

Gehmlich, Nathan T.; Fuerst, Thomas F.; Gietl, Hanns; Taylor, Chase N.; Rittenhouse, Joshua; Wen, Haiming; Cinbiz, M. Nedim

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155397

Hydrogen permeation in iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys and the effects of microstructure and surface oxide

Journal Article · Fri Sep 13 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Nuclear Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155397· OSTI ID:2479023

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[3]; Cinbiz, M. Nedim ^[4]

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Iron–chromium–aluminum (FeCrAl) class alloys are candidates for use as cladding for accident-tolerant fuels and moderators. In this context, hydrogen isotope permeation in FeCrAl alloys is an important material property. Here, in the present work, the apparent permeability, effective diffusivity, and apparent solubility of hydrogen in the FeCrAl alloys C26M and Kanthal D (KD) were measured with gas-driven hydrogen permeation. Permeation measurements were conducted at temperatures of 400 to 700 °C and at gas-driven pressures from 1 to 100 kPa. In particular, the effect of grain size on hydrogen transport was studied with KD samples with three different microstructures: nanocrystalline (NC), ultra-fine grained (UFG), and coarse-grained (CG). The UFG and NC specimens had higher apparent activation energies (73.4 kJ mol^-1 and 65.2 kJ mol^-1, respectively) for hydrogen permeability than the CG sample (46.9 kJ mol^-1). An aluminum oxide layer formed on the primary- and secondary-side surfaces of all samples subjected to permeation experiments which demonstrated the propensity of FeCrAl alloys to form these innate oxide permeation barriers.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies (NEET)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; AC07-05ID14517; NE0008524

OSTI ID:: 2479023

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2447008

Journal Information:: Journal of Nuclear Materials, Journal Name: Journal of Nuclear Materials Vol. 603; ISSN 0022-3115

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (41)

Comparison of the Thermal Stability in Equal‐Channel‐Angular‐Pressed and High‐Pressure‐Torsion‐Processed Fe–21Cr–5Al Alloy Arivu, Maalavan; Hoffman, Andrew; Duan, Jiaqi Advanced Engineering Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202300756	journal	September 2023
Ion sputter rates and yields for iron-, chromium- and aluminium oxide layers Viefhaus, H.; Hennesen, K.; Lucas, M. Surface and Interface Analysis, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210911	journal	September 1994
Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation in Clean or Unoxidized FeCrAl Alloys: A Review Garud, Yogendra S.; Hoffman, Andrew K.; Rebak, Raul B. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 53, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06535-8	journal	January 2022
Hydrogen trapping models in steel Krom, Alfons H. M.; Bakker, Ad Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 31, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-000-0032-0	journal	December 2000
Necessity of a palladium coating to ensure hydrogen oxidation during electrochemical permeation measurements on iron Manolatos, P.; Jerome, M.; Galland, J. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 40, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)00343-Y	journal	May 1995
The rate of hydrogen release out of clean metallic surfaces Ali-Khan, I.; Dietz, K. J.; Waelbroeck, F. G. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 76-77 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(78)90167-8	journal	September 1978
Hydrogen permeation characteristics of aluminum-coated and aluminum-modified steels Van Deventer, E. H.; MacLaren, V. A.; Maroni, V. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 88, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(80)90397-9	journal	January 1980
Hydrogen in 304 steel: Diffusion, permeation and surface reaction Grant, D. M.; Cummings, D. L.; Blackburn, D. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 149, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(87)90476-4	journal	July 1987
Hydrogen in 316 steel — diffusion, permeation and surface reaction Grant, D. M.; Cummings, D. L.; Blackburn, D. A. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 152, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(88)90319-4	journal	May 1988
Hydrogen Diffusion in Metals Volkl, J.; Alefeld, G. Diffusion in Solids: Recent Developments, p. 231-302 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-522660-8.50010-6	book	January 1975
Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation Valiev, R. Z.; Islamgaliev, R. K.; Alexandrov, I. V. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 45, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00007-9	journal	March 2000
Hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in advanced high strength steel Gong, Peng; Turk, Andrej; Nutter, John Acta Materialia, Vol. 223 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117488	journal	January 2022
First-principles study of hydrogen trapping and diffusion at grain boundaries in γ-Fe He, Yang; Su, Yunjuan; Yu, Haobo International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 46, Issue 10, 7589-7600 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.238	journal	January 2021
Deuterium permeability and diffusivity in FeCrAl alloys for LWR cladding application Gao, Shixin; Duan, Zhengang; Wu, Yingwei International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 47, Issue 46, p. 20323-20332 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.04.147	journal	May 2022
Model-based interpretation of thermal desorption spectra of Fe-C-Ti alloys Drexler, Andreas; Depover, Tom; Verbeken, Kim Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 789 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.03.102	journal	June 2019
Microstructural based hydrogen diffusion and trapping models applied to Fe–C X alloys Drexler, Andreas; Depover, Tom; Leitner, Silvia Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 826 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154057	journal	June 2020
Acceleration of Pd-V intermetallic diffusion by hydrogen Job, Adam L.; Li, Chao; Fuerst, Thomas F. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 972 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172825	journal	January 2024
Hydrogen transport and trapping in EUROFER’97 Esteban, G. A.; Peña, A.; Urra, I. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 367-370 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.114	journal	August 2007
Influence of the Cr content on the permeation of hydrogen in Fe alloys Peñalva, I.; Alberro, G.; Aranburu, J. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 442, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.10.032	journal	November 2013
Advanced oxidation-resistant iron-based alloys for LWR fuel cladding Terrani, K. A.; Zinkle, S. J.; Snead, L. L. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 448, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.06.041	journal	May 2014
Hydrogen permeation in FeCrAl alloys for LWR cladding application Hu, Xunxiang; Terrani, Kurt A.; Wirth, Brian D. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 461 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.02.040	journal	June 2015
Studies on oxidation and deuterium permeation behavior of a low temperature α-Al2O3-forming Fe Cr Al ferritic steel Xu, Yu-Ping; Zhao, Si-Xiang; Liu, Feng Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 477 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2016.04.054	journal	August 2016
Mechanical failure of fresh nuclear grade iron–chromium–aluminum (FeCrAl) cladding under simulated hot zero power reactivity initiated accident conditions Brown, Nicholas R.; Garrison, Benton E.; Lowden, Richard R. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 539 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152352	journal	October 2020
Burst characteristics of advanced accident-tolerant FeCrAl cladding under temperature transient testing Garrison, B.; Cinbiz, M. N.; Gussev, M. Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 560 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153488	journal	March 2022
Hydrogen and deuterium permeation in Hastelloy N Fuerst, Thomas F.; Shimada, Masashi; Gietl, Hanns Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 589 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2023.154851	journal	February 2024
Severe plastic deformation assisted carbide precipitation in Fe-21Cr-5Al alloy Arivu, Maalavan; Hoffman, Andrew; Duan, Jiaqi Materials Letters, Vol. 253 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.05.139	journal	October 2019
Surface effects on deuterium permeation through vanadium membranes Fuerst, Thomas F.; Humrickhouse, Paul W.; Taylor, Chase N. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 620 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118949	journal	February 2021
Fatigue design factors for ECAPed materials Djavanroodi, F.; Ebrahimi, M.; Rajabifar, B. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 528, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.09.080	journal	December 2010
Characterization of stress-rupture behavior of nuclear-grade C26M2 FeCrAl alloy for accident-tolerant fuel cladding via burst testing Joshi, P.; Kombaiah, B.; Cinbiz, M. N. Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 791 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139753	journal	July 2020
Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement Valiev, Ruslan Z.; Langdon, Terence G. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 51, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.003	journal	September 2006
Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications Zhilyaev, A.; Langdon, T. Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 53, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.03.002	journal	August 2008
Precipitation of α′ in neutron irradiated commercial FeCrAl alloys Field, Kevin G.; Littrell, Kenneth C.; Briggs, Samuel A. Scripta Materialia, Vol. 142 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.08.022	journal	January 2018
HyPAT: A GUI for high-throughput gas-driven hydrogen permeation data analysis Evans, George S.; Watkins, Joseph M.; Fuerst, Thomas F. SoftwareX, Vol. 21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2022.101284	journal	February 2023
Hydrogen Permeation and Absorption Tool (HyPAT v2.0): An update to facilitate analyses of data from hydrogen absorption experiments Evans, George S.; Fuerst, Thomas F.; Taylor, Chase N. SoftwareX, Vol. 23 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2023.101430	journal	July 2023
Effect of microscopic parameters on EBSD spatial resolution Chen, Delphic; Kuo, Jui-Chao; Wu, Wen-Tuan Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 111, Issue 9-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.06.007	journal	August 2011
Cluster Analysis of Combined EDS and EBSD Data to Solve Ambiguous Phase Identifications Parish, Chad M. Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927622000010	journal	March 2022
Considerations for Hydride Moderator Readiness in Microreactors Cinbiz, M. Nedim; Taylor, Chase N.; Luther, Erik Nuclear Technology, Vol. 209, Issue sup1 https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2022.2121583	journal	October 2022
High temperature deuterium enrichment using TiC coated vanadium membranes Fuerst, Thomas F.; Taylor, Chase N.; Shimada, Masashi Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, Vol. 37, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1116/1.5080720	journal	March 2019
Diffusion und Löslichkeit von Wasserstoff in a-Eisen und Silber Eichenauer, Walter; Künzig, Herbert; Pebler, Alfred International Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 49, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-1958-490502	journal	May 1958
Hydrogen Permeation through Iron, Nickel, and Heat Resisting Alloys at Elevated Temperatures Masui, Kanji; Yoshida, Heitaro; Watanabe, Yoji Tetsu-to-Hagane, Vol. 64, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.64.5_615	journal	January 1978
Hydrogen Permeation Through Metals, Alloys and Oxides at Elevated Temperatures Huffine, C. L.; Williams, J. M. CORROSION, Vol. 16, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-16.9.102	journal	September 1960

Similar Records

Influence of grain size on α' Cr precipitation in an isothermally aged Fe-21Cr-5Al alloy

Journal Article · Thu Feb 29 19:00:00 EST 2024 · Materialia · OSTI ID:2438708

Hydrogen permeation in FeCrAl alloys for LWR cladding application

Journal Article · Wed Mar 18 20:00:00 EDT 2015 · Journal of Nuclear Materials · OSTI ID:1185774

Degradation and Failure Phenomena of Accident Tolerant Fuel Concepts: FeCrAl Alloy Cladding

Technical Report · Tue Sep 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · OSTI ID:1984686

Related Subjects

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS
FeCrAl
Hydrogen
Microstructure
Permeation

Hydrogen permeation in iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys and the effects of microstructure and surface oxide

Citation Formats

References (41)

Similar Records

Related Subjects