Ionization by XFEL radiation produces distinct structure in liquid water

Stransky, Michal; Lane, Thomas J.; Gorel, Alexander; Boutet, Sébastien; Schlichting, Ilme; Mancuso, Adrian P.; Jurek, Zoltan; Ziaja, Beata

doi:10.1038/s42005-024-01768-6

Ionization by XFEL radiation produces distinct structure in liquid water

Journal Article · Tue Aug 20 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Communications Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-024-01768-6· OSTI ID:2446960

^[1]; ^[2]; Gorel, Alexander ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[3]; ^[5]; Jurek, Zoltan ^[2]; Ziaja, Beata ^[6]

European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland). Institute of Nuclear Physics; Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Prague (Czech Republic). Institute of Physics; SLAC
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science; Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg (Germany)
Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg (Germany)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
European XFEL, Schenefeld (Germany); La Trobe Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Oxford (United Kingdom). Diamond Light Source, Ltd.; Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot (United Kingdom)
Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland). Institute of Nuclear Physics; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Center for Free-Electron Laser Science

In the warm dense matter (WDM) regime, where condensed, gas, and plasma phases coexist, matter frequently exhibits unusual properties that cannot be described by contemporary theory. Experiments reporting phenomena in WDM are therefore of interest to advance our physical understanding of this regime, which is found in dwarf stars, giant planets, and fusion ignition experiments. Using 7.1 keV X-ray free electron laser radiation (nominally 5×10⁵ J/cm²), we produced and probed transient WDM in liquid water. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) from the probe reveals a new ~9 Å structure that forms within 75 fs. By 100 fs, the WAXS peak corresponding to this new structure is of comparable magnitude to the ambient water peak, which is attenuated. Simulations suggest that the experiment probes a superposition of two regimes. In the first, fluences expected at the focus severely ionize the water, which becomes effectively transparent to the probe. In the second, out-of-focus pump radiation produces O¹⁺ and O²⁺ ions, which rearrange due to Coulombic repulsion over 10 s of fs. Our simulations account for a decrease in ambient water signal and an increase in low-angle X-ray scattering but not the experimentally observed 9 Å feature, presenting a new challenge for theory.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 2446960

Journal Information:: Communications Physics, Journal Name: Communications Physics Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 7; ISSN 2399-3650

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Ionization by XFEL radiation produces distinct structure in liquid water

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