In situ Stress Monitoring Reveals Tension and Wrinkling Evolutions during Halide Perovskite Film Formation

Guo, Boyu; Chauhan, Mihirsinh; Woodward, Nathaniel R.; McAndrews, Gabriel R.; Thapa, Gaurab J.; Lefler, Benjamin M.; Li, Ruipeng; Wang, Tonghui; Darabi, Kasra; McGehee, Michael D.; Amassian, Aram

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02079

In situ Stress Monitoring Reveals Tension and Wrinkling Evolutions during Halide Perovskite Film Formation

Journal Article · Wed Dec 06 00:00:00 EST 2023 · ACS Energy Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02079· OSTI ID:2446647

Guo, Boyu ^[1]; Chauhan, Mihirsinh ^[1]; Woodward, Nathaniel R. ^[1]; McAndrews, Gabriel R. ^[2]; Thapa, Gaurab J. ^[1]; ^[1]; Li, Ruipeng ^[3]; Wang, Tonghui ^[1]; Darabi, Kasra ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising candidates for next-generation thin film photovoltaics and high-performance tandems. Solution-processed MHP films are susceptible to residual stress that can induce undesirable surface wrinkles. However, the origins and evolution of stress during solution processing remain elusive. Here, in this work, we utilize multimodal in situ characterizations, including substrate curvature, reflectance, absorbance, and photoluminescence, to monitor stress and morphology evolution during MHP film formation. A film formation model emerges, consisting of a perovskite top crust on a semirigid sol with the ability to transfer mechanical forces. The phase transformation induces tension in the MHP crust, while shrinkage of the sol causes additional compression and surface wrinkles. Wrinkle-free films are formed through dynamically balancing forces between the crust and the sol. This study provides a powerful toolkit for the fast-growing area of stress engineering in MHP photovoltaics to achieve dynamic control of film stress and surface morphology.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2446647

Report Number(s):: BNL--226111-2024-JAAM

Journal Information:: ACS Energy Letters, Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2380-8195

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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