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Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA): an Apollo Participating Scientist Program to Prepare the Lunar Sample Community for Artemis

Journal Article · · Space Science Reviews
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  1. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), Houston, TX (United States); SLAC
  2. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX (United States)
  3. Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  4. Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO (United States)
  5. European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk (Netherlands). European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)
  6. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  7. Univ. of Manchester (United Kingdom)
  8. Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
  9. Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
  10. NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA (United States)
  11. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
  12. Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA (United States)
  13. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Washington, DC (United States)
  14. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
  15. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  16. Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
  17. University of Notre Dame, IN (United States)
  18. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
  19. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Space Sciences Laboratory
+ Show Author Affiliations
As a first step in preparing for the return of samples from the Moon by the Artemis Program, NASA initiated the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program (ANGSA). ANGSA was designed to function as a low-cost sample return mission and involved the curation and analysis of samples previously returned by the Apollo 17 mission that remained unopened or stored under unique conditions for 50 years. These samples include the lower portion of a double drive tube previously sealed on the lunar surface, the upper portion of that drive tube that had remained unopened, and a variety of Apollo 17 samples that had remained stored at -27 °C for approximately 50 years. ANGSA constitutes the first preliminary examination phase of a lunar “sample return mission” in over 50 years. It also mimics that same phase of an Artemis surface exploration mission, its design included placing samples within the context of local and regional geology through new orbital observations collected since Apollo and additional new “boots-on-the-ground” observations, data synthesis, and interpretations provided by Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt. ANGSA used new curation techniques to prepare, document, and allocate these new lunar samples, developed new tools to open and extract gases from their containers, and applied new analytical instrumentation previously unavailable during the Apollo Program to reveal new information about these samples. Most of the 90 scientists, engineers, and curators involved in this mission were not alive during the Apollo Program, and it had been 30 years since the last Apollo core sample was processed in the Apollo curation facility at NASA JSC. There are many firsts associated with ANGSA that have direct relevance to Artemis. ANGSA is the first to open a core sample previously sealed on the surface of the Moon, the first to extract and analyze lunar gases collected in situ, the first to examine a core that penetrated a lunar landslide deposit, and the first to process pristine Apollo samples in a glovebox at -20 °C. All the ANGSA activities have helped to prepare the Artemis generation for what is to come. The timing of this program, the composition of the team, and the preservation of unopened Apollo samples facilitated this generational handoff from Apollo to Artemis that sets up Artemis and the lunar sample science community for additional successes.
Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Royal Society; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
Contributing Organization:
ANGSA science team
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
2446554
Journal Information:
Space Science Reviews, Journal Name: Space Science Reviews Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 220; ISSN 0038-6308
Publisher:
SpringerCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Apollo 17
Apollo program
Artemis program
Landslide
Moon
New lunar samples
Regolith
Volatiles