Unraveling cosmological anisotropies within stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds

Cui, Yanou; Kumar, Soubhik; Sundrum, Raman; Tsai, Yuhsin

doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/10/064

Unraveling cosmological anisotropies within stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds

Journal Article · Thu Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/10/064· OSTI ID:2439734

Cui, Yanou ^[1]; Kumar, Soubhik ^[2]; Sundrum, Raman ^[3]; Tsai, Yuhsin ^[4]

Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
University of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

Identifying the anisotropies in a cosmologically sourced stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) would be of significance in shedding light on the nature of primordial inhomogeneities. For example, if SGWB carries isocurvature fluctuations, it would provide evidence for a multi-field inflationary origin of these inhomogeneities. However, this is challenging in practice due to finite detector sensitivity and also the presence of the astrophysical foregrounds that can compete with the cosmological signal. In this work, we explore the prospects for measuring cosmological SGWB anisotropies in the presence of an astrophysical counterpart and detector noise. To illustrate the main idea, we perform a Fisher analysis using a well-motivated cosmological SGWB template corresponding to a first order phase transition, and an astrophysical SGWB template corresponding to extra-galactic binary mergers, and compute the uncertainty with which various parameters characterizing the isotropic and anisotropic components can be extracted. Finally, we also discuss some subtleties and caveats involving shot noise in the astrophysical foreground. Overall, we show that upcoming experiments, e.g., LISA, Taiji, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, and BBO, can all be effective in discovering plausible anisotropic cosmological SGWBs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0008541

OSTI ID:: 2439734

Journal Information:: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 2023; ISSN 1475-7516

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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The second data release from the European Pulsar Timing Array III. Search for gravitational wave signals Antoniadis, J.; Arumugam, P.; Arumugam, S. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8091568	dataset	January 2023